Investigation of the photosynthetic response of Chlorella vulgaris to light changes in a torus-shape photobioreactor

• Published in: Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2021-12, Vol.105 (23), p.8689-8701
• Main Authors: Bonnanfant, M., Marec, H., Jesus, B., Mouget, J.-L., Pruvost, J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acclimation; Acclimatization; Algae; Analysis; Aquatic microorganisms; Attenuation; Biological effects; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biotechnological Products and Process Engineering; Biotechnology; Chemical and Process Engineering; Chlorella; Chlorella vulgaris; Engineering Sciences; Green algae; Identification and classification; Life Sciences; Light; Light attenuation; Light intensity; Luminous intensity; Microalgae; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; Microbiology; Photon absorption; Photons; Photosynthesis; Pigments; Toruses; Weather; Xanthophylls
• ISSN: 0175-7598; 1432-0614
• DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11636-w

An efficient use of light is essential to achieve good performances in microalgae cultivation systems. This can be challenging particularly under solar conditions where light is highly dynamic (e.g., day/night cycles, rapid changes in wind and weather conditions). Microalgae display different mechanisms to optimize light use efficiency. In the short term, when high light is encountered, several processes of photoprotection can be involved to avoid cell damages (e.g., xanthophyll cycle). In the long term, when cells are exposed to a different light intensity, pigment content changes, i.e., photoacclimation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the photosynthetic response of Chlorella vulgaris cultures grown in closed lab-scale, torus-shape photobioreactor under well-controlled light conditions, namely, constant and dynamic light transitions. Experiments were conducted in continuous mode with detailed characterization of the light attenuation conditions for each condition, as represented by the mean rate of photon absorption (MRPA), so as to characterize the time responses of the photosynthetic cells toward light changes. This enables to observe short-term and long-term responses with their own characteristic times. The mechanisms involved were found to be different between increasing and decreasing light transitions. Furthermore the MRPA was found a valuable parameter to relate the effect of light to biological responses (i.e., pigment changes) under constant light and dynamic light conditions. Key points • MRPA proved valuable to relate C. vulgaris responses to light changes. • A linear evolution was found between pigment content and MRPA in continuous light. • A rising PFD step induced fast protection and acclimation mechanisms.