Photo-electrochemical characterization of a new lead-free relaxor ceramic and its application to degradation of Bezacryl under sunlight

The perovskite structure Ba 0.975 Ho 0.017 (Zr 0.20 Ti 0.75 )Sn 0.05 O 3 (BHZ20TS) underwent crystallization through a solid-state reaction, as indicated by X-ray diffractometry. The analysis revealed that the oxide crystallizes in a cubic symmetry. Upon substituting Ba 2+ with Ho 3+ , scanning elec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 2023-10, Vol.20 (10), p.2471-2479
Main Authors: Smail, S., Rekhila, G., Taïbi, K., Lahmar, A., Trari, M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical Chemistry
Biochemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Condensed Matter
Crystallization
Electrochemical analysis
Ferroelectricity
Grain size
Holmium
Inorganic Chemistry
Lead free
Organic Chemistry
Original Paper
Oxidation
Perovskite structure
Perovskites
Photodegradation
Physical Chemistry
Physics
Relaxors
Sunlight
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Summary:The perovskite structure Ba 0.975 Ho 0.017 (Zr 0.20 Ti 0.75 )Sn 0.05 O 3 (BHZ20TS) underwent crystallization through a solid-state reaction, as indicated by X-ray diffractometry. The analysis revealed that the oxide crystallizes in a cubic symmetry. Upon substituting Ba 2+ with Ho 3+ , scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a dense microstructure with a decreased grain size. The thermal dependence of the dielectric constant at various frequencies exhibits characteristic behavior of a relaxor ferroelectric, in accordance with the Vogel–Fulcher and Curie–Weiss laws. The photo-electrochemical and photo-catalytic properties of the material were examined. The capacitance ( C −2 )—potential ( E ) relationship exhibited n-type behavior, with an electron concentration ( N A ) of 2.2 × 1016 cm −3 and a flat band potential ( E fb ) of − 0.60 V SCE . The synthesized compound was evaluated for its ability to induce the photo-degradation of Bezacryl (BEZ) under sunlight. The oxidation of BEZ was achieved by the radicals · OH and O 2 ·− . A significant reduction in color intensity, reaching approximately 60%, was reached within 100 min in a BEZ solution (10 mg L −1 ) under a flux intensity of 97 mW cm −2 . The photo-oxidation process followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, with a half-life ( t 1/2 ) of 57 min.
ISSN:1735-207X
1735-2428
DOI:10.1007/s13738-023-02841-7