Downhill treadmill running trains the rat spinotrapezius muscle

• Published in: Journal of applied physiology (1985) 2007-01, Vol.102 (1), p.412-416
• Main Authors: Hahn, S. A, Ferreira, L. F, Williams, J. B, Jansson, K. P, Behnke, B. J, Musch, T. I, Poole, D. C
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Citrate (si)-Synthase - physiology; Enzymes; Fatigue; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Microcirculation; Microscopy; Muscle Fatigue - physiology; Muscle, Skeletal - blood supply; Muscle, Skeletal - enzymology; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology; Muscular system; Oxygen Consumption - physiology; Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rodents; Running; Running - physiology
• ISSN: 8750-7587; 1522-1601
• DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00581.2006

Departments of Kinesiology and of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas Submitted 24 May 2006 ; accepted in final form 17 August 2006 There are currently no models of exercise that recruit and train muscles, such as the rat spinotrapezius, that are suitable for transmission intravital microscopic investigation of the microcirculation. Recent experimental evidence supports the concept that running downhill on a motorized treadmill recruits the spinotrapezius muscle of the rat. Based on these results, we tested the hypothesis that 6 wk of downhill running (–14° grade) for 1 h/day, 5 days/wk, at a speed of up to 35 m/min, would 1 ) increase whole body peak oxygen uptake ( O 2 peak ), 2 ) increase spinotrapezius citrate synthase activity, and 3 ) reduce the fatigability of the spinotrapezius during electrically induced 1-Hz submaximal tetanic contractions. Trained rats ( n = 6) elicited a 24% higher O 2 peak (in ml·min –1 ·kg –1 : sedentary 58.5 ± 2.0, trained 72.7 ± 2.0; P < 0.001) and a 41% greater spinotrapezius citrate synthase activity (in µmol·min –1 ·g –1 : sedentary 14.1 ± 0.7, trained 19.9 ± 0.9; P < 0.001) compared with sedentary controls ( n = 6). In addition, at the end of 15 min of electrical stimulation, trained rats sustained a greater percentage of the initial tension than their sedentary counterparts (control 34.3 ± 3.1%, trained 59.0 ± 7.2%; P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that downhill running is successful in promoting training adaptations in the spinotrapezius muscle, including increased oxidative capacity and resistance to fatigue. Since the spinotrapezius muscle is commonly used in studies using intravital microscopy to examine microcirculatory function at rest and during contractions, our results suggest that downhill running is an effective training paradigm that can be used to investigate the mechanisms for improved microcirculatory function following exercise training in health and disease. intravital microscopy; microcirculation; oxidative capacity; citrate synthase activity; muscle fatigue Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: T. I. Musch, Dept. of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506–5802 (e-mail: musch{at}vet.ksu.edu )