An Outlier-Based Single-Ended Protection Scheme for Multi-Terminal MMC-HVDC Grids Based on Hilbert-Huang Transform

Protection of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) grids is a crucial step that requires further advancements to ensure the secure integration of green renewable energy sources (RESs). This paper proposes a fast, reliable, and selective single-ended primary protection scheme for multi-terminal HVDC gr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on power delivery 2024-12, Vol.39 (6), p.3535-3546
Main Authors: Radwan, Mohamed, Azad, Sahar Pirooz
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Clean energy
Data analysis
Direct current
Electrical measurement
Fault detection
Faults
Feature extraction
Hilbert transformation
Hilbert-Huang Transform
HVDC transmission
Inductors
instantaneous energy
instantaneous frequency
Multi-terminal HVDC grid protection
outlier detection
Power system reliability
Protection
Reliability
Renewable energy sources
Resistance
Transforms
Wavelet transforms
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Summary:Protection of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) grids is a crucial step that requires further advancements to ensure the secure integration of green renewable energy sources (RESs). This paper proposes a fast, reliable, and selective single-ended primary protection scheme for multi-terminal HVDC grids. In the proposed scheme, Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) is applied to local voltage measurements to extract the instantaneous frequency and energy features. Abrupt changes in these features during internal faults are detected as outliers. Simultaneous outliers in the extracted features correspond to internal faults, which offers a setting-less fault detection criterion; thus, eliminating the need for simulation-based and grid-specific thresholds. The proposed scheme can detect internal faults with high fault resistances up to 1000\;\Omega within \text{1}\;\text{ms}. In addition, the proposed scheme can reliably distinguish between internal and external faults even when the boundary reactor size is as small as \text{10}\;\text{mH}. A four-terminal HVDC grid is simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC software, and various fault scenarios are investigated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in detecting and discriminating between internal and external faults under severe fault conditions.
ISSN:0885-8977
1937-4208
DOI:10.1109/TPWRD.2024.3486321