Bilateral Telemanipulation With Time Delays: A Two-Layer Approach Combining Passivity and Transparency

In this paper, a two-layer approach is presented to guarantee the stable behavior of bilateral telemanipulation systems in the presence of time-varying destabilizing factors such as hard contacts, relaxed user grasps, stiff control settings, and/or communication delays. The approach splits the contr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on robotics 2011-08, Vol.27 (4), p.741-756
Main Authors: Franken, M., Stramigioli, S., Misra, S., Secchi, C., Macchelli, A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Bilateral control
Channels
Communication channels
Computer science
control theory
systems
Control systems
Control theory. Systems
Controllers
Delay
Delay effects
Energy exchange
Exact sciences and technology
Exchanging
Force
Friction
Optimization
Passivity
Robotics
Robots
stability
Strategy
telemanipulation
Time delay
transparency
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Summary:In this paper, a two-layer approach is presented to guarantee the stable behavior of bilateral telemanipulation systems in the presence of time-varying destabilizing factors such as hard contacts, relaxed user grasps, stiff control settings, and/or communication delays. The approach splits the control architecture into two separate layers. The hierarchical top layer is used to implement a strategy that addresses the desired transparency, and the lower layer ensures that no "virtual" energy is generated. This means that any bilateral controller can be implemented in a passive manner. Separate communication channels connect the layers at the slave and master sides so that information related to exchanged energy is completely separated from information about the desired behavior. Furthermore, the proposed implementation does not depend on any type of assumption about the time delay in the communication channel. By complete separation of the properties of passivity and transparency, each layer can accommodate any number of different implementations that allow for almost independent optimization. Experimental results are presented, which highlight the benefit of the proposed framework.
ISSN:1552-3098
1941-0468
DOI:10.1109/TRO.2011.2142430