Mixture of experts for classification of gender, ethnic origin, and pose of human faces

• Published in: IEEE transaction on neural networks and learning systems 2000-07, Vol.11 (4), p.948-960
• Main Authors: Gutta, S., Huang, J.R.J., Jonathon, P., Wechsler, H.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Classification; Classification tree analysis; Computer science; Decision trees; Ethnic; Experts; Face detection; Gating and risering; Gender; Human; Humans; Image databases; Kernel; Laboratories; Studies; Support vector machine classification; Support vector machines
• ISSN: 1045-9227; 2162-237X; 1941-0093; 2162-2388
• DOI: 10.1109/72.857774

We describe the application of mixtures of experts on gender and ethnic classification of human faces, and pose classification, and show their feasibility on the FERET database of facial images. The mixture of experts is implemented using the "divide and conquer" modularity principle with respect to the granularity and/or the locality of information. The mixture of experts consists of ensembles of radial basis functions (RBFs). Inductive decision trees (DTs) and support vector machines (SVMs) implement the "gating network" components for deciding which of the experts should be used to determine the classification output and to restrict the support of the input space. Both the ensemble of RBF's (ERBF) and SVM use the RBF kernel ("expert") for gating the inputs. Our experimental results yield an average accuracy rate of 96% on gender classification and 92% on ethnic classification using the ERBF/DT approach from frontal face images, while the SVM yield 100% on pose classification.