Portable Electromagnetic Knee Imaging System

The high rate of knee injuries among athletes and other people and the need for early onsite detection to avoid severe ligament tear highlight the necessity of a portable knee imaging tool. Thus, an electromagnetic system based on a multistatic radar to image knee injuries is introduced. The system...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation 2021-10, Vol.69 (10), p.6824-6837
Main Authors: Sultan, Kamel S., Mohammed, Beadaa, Manoufali, Mohamed, Abbosh, Amin M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Antenna arrays
Antennas
Athletes
Biconical antenna
Broadband antennas
confocal algorithm
Dipole antennas
electromagnetic imaging (EMI)
Electromagnetic interference
Electromagnetic radiation
Error detection
Error reduction
Image reconstruction
Imaging
Injuries
Knee
knee injuries
Ligaments
Multistatic radar
Radar imaging
wideband antenna
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:The high rate of knee injuries among athletes and other people and the need for early onsite detection to avoid severe ligament tear highlight the necessity of a portable knee imaging tool. Thus, an electromagnetic system based on a multistatic radar to image knee injuries is introduced. The system includes an antenna array of eight printed biconical elements, which have wide operational bandwidth of 103.4%, covering the band 0.7-2.2 GHz, and unidirectional radiation with a high front-to-back ratio for improved imaging. The antenna array is placed on movable holders around the knee to ensure equal distances from its boundaries. The antenna is assessed in terms of simulated and measured near- and far-fields, along with electromagnetic wave penetration into the knee. The complete system is built and experimentally validated on in-house built durable, realistic knee phantoms, which emulate normal and injured cases. To reconstruct knee images, a modified multistatic confocal algorithm is used. Since the left and right knees of humans are mirror-symmetrical, the modified algorithm uses a differential approach to remove signal clutters, multistatic coherence factor to improve the quality of channels, and applies dielectric mapping to reduce detection error. The images indicate the ability of the system to detect different types of ligament tears with an accurate localization.
ISSN:0018-926X
1558-2221
DOI:10.1109/TAP.2021.3070015