Deep Recurrent Neural Networks for Ionospheric Variations Estimation Using GNSS Measurements

Modeling ionospheric variability throughout a proper total electron content (TEC) parameter estimation is a demanding, however, crucial, process for achieving better accuracy and rapid convergence in precise point positioning (PPP). In particular, the single-frequency PPP (SF-PPP) method lacks accur...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing 2022, Vol.60, p.1-15
Main Authors: Kaselimi, Maria, Voulodimos, Athanasios, Doulamis, Nikolaos, Doulamis, Anastasios, Delikaraoglou, Demitris
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3-D tensor
Accuracy
Computational modeling
Corrections
Deep learning
Delays
Error correction
Feature extraction
Global navigation satellite system
Ionosphere
ionospheric variability
Machine learning
Modelling
Neural networks
Parameter estimation
Receivers
recurrent neural network (RNN)
Recurrent neural networks
Satellites
Time series analysis
Total Electron Content
total electron content (TEC)
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Summary:Modeling ionospheric variability throughout a proper total electron content (TEC) parameter estimation is a demanding, however, crucial, process for achieving better accuracy and rapid convergence in precise point positioning (PPP). In particular, the single-frequency PPP (SF-PPP) method lacks accuracy due to the difficulty of dealing adequately with the ionospheric error sources. In order to apply ionosphere corrections in techniques, such as SF-PPP, external information of global ionosphere maps (GIMs) is crucial. In this article, we propose a deep learning model to efficiently predict TEC values and to replace the GIM-derived data that inherently have a global character, with equal or better in accuracy regional ones. The proposed model is suitable for predicting the ionosphere delay at different locations of receiver stations. The model is tested during different periods of time, under different solar and geomagnetic conditions and for stations in various latitudes, providing robust estimations of the ionospheric activity at the regional level. Our proposed model is a hybrid model comprising of a 1-D convolutional layer used for the optimal feature extraction and stacked recurrent layers used for temporal time series modeling. Thus, the model achieves good performance in TEC modeling compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
ISSN:0196-2892
1558-0644
DOI:10.1109/TGRS.2021.3090856