Human Activity Recognition Machine With an Anchor-Based Loss Function

More recently, Human Activity Recognition (HAR) based on sensors has become a hot topic due to its wide application. Researchers significantly reduce the cost of feature extraction and improve the accuracy of recognition by introducing deep learning networks. However, human activity data are greatly...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE sensors journal 2022-01, Vol.22 (1), p.741-756
Main Authors: Jin, Lei, Wang, Xiaojuan, Chu, Jiaming, He, Mingshu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accuracy
Classification
Clustering
Convolutional neural networks
Deep learning
Euclidean geometry
Face recognition
Feature extraction
Human activity recognition
Machine learning
Measurement
metric learning
Moving object recognition
Networks
open-set classification
Sensors
Training
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Summary:More recently, Human Activity Recognition (HAR) based on sensors has become a hot topic due to its wide application. Researchers significantly reduce the cost of feature extraction and improve the accuracy of recognition by introducing deep learning networks. However, human activity data are greatly affected by the inter-personal variability which brings the interclass similarity and the intraclass diversity. They not only increase the difficulty of the closed-set classification, but also affect the performance on the open-set problem. To solve the problem, we design a framework using a loss function of Euclidean distance and a high-dimensional embedding layer to enhance the ability of deep learning networks to mine discriminative features. Furthermore, we define two kinds of open-set problems in HAR: the pseudo open-set problem and the completely open-set problem. We propose a new clustering method based on the Euclidean distance for the pseudo open-set problem, which reduces the computation cost and improves the accuracy. For the completely open-set problem ignored by other researches, we introduce the rejection score to evaluate the distance score between samples and all known classes, and realize the completely open-set classification. We conduct experiments using four common deep learning networks on three public datasets: OPPORTUNITY, PAMAP2 and UniMiB-SHAR. The results show that the performances of the model modified by our method are much better than those of the original model.
ISSN:1530-437X
1558-1748
DOI:10.1109/JSEN.2021.3130761