Low-level implementation and side-channel detection of stealthy hardware trojans on field programmable gate arrays

• Published in: Chronic diseases and translational medicine 2014-11, Vol.8 (6), p.246-255
• Main Authors: Marchand, Cédric, Francq, Julien
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: automated export system; Circuit design; Circuits; Classification; Computer information security; cryptography; Design; Field programmable gate arrays; Hardware; hardware security; Heat treatment; HT detection methods; Infections; integrated circuits integrity; layout level; noninfected circuit; Scripts; side‐channel detection; Special Issue: Hardware Security; stealthy hardware trojans; Taxonomy; trust‐hub Web site
• ISSN: 1751-8601; 1751-861X; 2095-882X; 1751-861X; 2589-0514
• DOI: 10.1049/iet-cdt.2014.0034

Hardware Trojans (HTs) are an emerging threat for integrated circuits integrity and their applications. Trying to find efficient HT detection methods is necessary. However, before detecting them, HTs need to be created with an efficient method and their effects need to be understood. There are very few studies which describe HTs implementation methods and the methods used are not convenient for systematic study of HTs effects. The Trust-Hub website, known for hardware security in general, had published a full HT implementation tutorial, which is not completely satisfying. This study proposes a stealthy and reusable HT implementation method on field programmable gate arrays at the layout level adapted for the study of different HTs with the same non-infected circuit. Created for a systematic study of the effects brought by different HTs, the proposed approach allows designers to insert stealthy HTs inside the same circuit in order to create different realistic infected circuits. HTs implementation results on an advance encryption standard system and detection experiments based on side-channel are also presented in this study. The implementation method the authors propose can be used with scripts in order to accelerate the insertions of HTs variants.