Regulation of skeletal muscle stem cells through epigenetic mechanisms

Quiescent adult skeletal muscle stem cells (satellite cells) are the main players of myogenesis assuring the possibility of growth and regeneration of the muscle tissue throughout adult life. The environmental stimuli that activate satellite cells induce their proliferation, leading on one hand to s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxicology mechanisms and methods 2011-05, Vol.21 (4), p.334-342
Main Authors: Sousa-Victor, Pedro, Muñoz-Cánoves, Pura, Perdiguero, Eusebio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cell Differentiation - genetics
Cell Proliferation
DNA Methylation - genetics
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenetic regulation
Histones - genetics
Humans
microRNAs
MicroRNAs - genetics
Muscle Development - genetics
Muscle, Skeletal - embryology
Muscle, Skeletal - growth & development
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
myogenesis
satellite cells
Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle - cytology
Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle - metabolism
signal transduction
Signal Transduction - genetics
transcription factors
Transcription Factors - genetics
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Summary:Quiescent adult skeletal muscle stem cells (satellite cells) are the main players of myogenesis assuring the possibility of growth and regeneration of the muscle tissue throughout adult life. The environmental stimuli that activate satellite cells induce their proliferation, leading on one hand to self-renewal and maintenance of the muscle stem cell reservoir, and on the other hand to the production of progenitor cells that further proliferate, differentiate, and fuse to form new muscle fibers. Hence, satellite cells constitute a perfect system to study the transitions involved in stem cell differentiation. The multistep process of myogenesis is orchestrated by specific regulatory proteins, such as Pax3/Pax7 or members of the MyoD family of transcription factors. However, findings published over the past few years indicate that epigenetic mechanisms, such as covalent modification of histones, DNA methylation, or regulation of gene expression by microRNAs, also critically repress, maintain, or induce the muscle-specific transcriptional program during myogenesis. These studies have increased our understanding of how the information encoding the muscle lineage is molecularly controlled.
ISSN:1537-6516
1537-6524
DOI:10.3109/15376516.2011.557873