Mid-Infrared Ethane Emission on Neptune and Uranus

• Published in: The Astrophysical journal 2006-06, Vol.644 (2), p.1326-1333
• Main Authors: Hammel, H. B, Lynch, D. K, Russell, R. W, Sitko, M. L, Bernstein, L. S, Hewagama, T
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0004-637X; 1538-4357
• DOI: 10.1086/503599

We report 8-13 km spectral observations of Neptune and Uranus from the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility spanning more than a decade. The spectroscopic data indicate a steady increase in Neptune's mean atmospheric 12 km ethane emission from 1985 to 2003, followed by a slight decrease in 2004. The simplest explanation for the intensity variation is an increase in stratospheric effective temperature from 155 c 3 K in 1985 to 176c 3 K in 2003 (an average rate of 1.2 K yr super(-1)) and a subsequent decrease to 165 c 3 K in 2004. We also detected variation of the overall spectral structure of the ethane band, specifically an apparent absorption structure in the central portion of the band; this structure arises from coarse spectral sampling coupled with a nonuniform response function within the detector elements. We also report a probable direct detection of ethane emission on Uranus. The deduced peak mole fraction is approximately 1 order of magnitude higher than previous upper limits for Uranus. The model fit suggests an effective temperature of 114 c 3 K for the globally averaged stratosphere of Uranus, which is consistent with recent measurements indicative of seasonal variation.