Shifting carbon flow from roots into associated microbial communities in response to elevated atmospheric CO

Rising atmospheric CO₂ levels are predicted to have major consequences on carbon cycling and the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Increased photosynthetic activity is expected, especially for C-3 plants, thereby influencing vegetation dynamics; however, little is known about the path of fixed...

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Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2010-06, Vol.107 (24), p.10938-10942
Main Authors: Drigo, Barbara, Pijl, Agata S, Duyts, Henk, Kielak, Anna M, Gamper, Hannes A, Houtekamer, Marco J, Boschker, Henricus T.S, Bodelier, Paul L.E, Whiteley, Andrew S, Veen, Johannes A. van, Kowalchuk, George A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acid soils
Atmospherics
Microbial ecology
Plants
Pseudomonas
Rhizosphere
RNA
Soil air
Soil ecology
Soil microorganisms
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Summary:Rising atmospheric CO₂ levels are predicted to have major consequences on carbon cycling and the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Increased photosynthetic activity is expected, especially for C-3 plants, thereby influencing vegetation dynamics; however, little is known about the path of fixed carbon into soil-borne communities and resulting feedbacks on ecosystem function. Here, we examine how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) act as a major conduit in the transfer of carbon between plants and soil and how elevated atmospheric CO₂ modulates the belowground translocation pathway of plant-fixed carbon. Shifts in active AMF species under elevated atmospheric CO₂ conditions are coupled to changes within active rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities. Thus, as opposed to simply increasing the activity of soil-borne microbes through enhanced rhizodeposition, elevated atmospheric CO₂ clearly evokes the emergence of distinct opportunistic plant-associated microbial communities. Analyses involving RNA-based stable isotope probing, neutral/phosphate lipid fatty acids stable isotope probing, community fingerprinting, and real-time PCR allowed us to trace plant-fixed carbon to the affected soil-borne microorganisms. Based on our data, we present a conceptual model in which plant-assimilated carbon is rapidly transferred to AMF, followed by a slower release from AMF to the bacterial and fungal populations well-adapted to the prevailing (myco-)rhizosphere conditions. This model provides a general framework for reappraising carbon-flow paths in soils, facilitating predictions of future interactions between rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations and terrestrial ecosystems.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490