Design, operation, and monitoring of municipal irrigation systems

Most of the small communities located around lakes or along trout streams in Michigan are faced with a choice between tertiary treatment in the form of phosphorus removal and the land irrigation method for final disposition of their domestic wastewater. This has led to the construction of a large nu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal - Water Pollution Control Federation 1975-01, Vol.47 (11), p.2627-2639
Main Authors: Malhotra, S.K, Myers, E.A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Groundwater
Irrigated soils
Irrigation
Irrigation systems
Nitrogen
Ponds
Soil pollution
Sprinkler irrigation
Wastewater
Wastewater treatment
water management
water resources
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Summary:Most of the small communities located around lakes or along trout streams in Michigan are faced with a choice between tertiary treatment in the form of phosphorus removal and the land irrigation method for final disposition of their domestic wastewater. This has led to the construction of a large number of land irrigation systems, including the 43.4-mgd Muskegon system. This paper summarizes the available information from the different systems in operation in Michigan. All land disposal systems include facilities to provide an equivalent of secondary treatment and winter storage. Chlorination of the effluent before land disposal is required for all spray irrigation projects and for those flood irrigation projects in which the irrigation area is drained by subdrains. A vegetative cover varying from a mixture of wild grasses to hybrid corn is encouraged, and the utilization of the crop is presently somewhat restricted. The monitoring of the effect of land disposal systems on the groundwater quality is required in all cases.
ISSN:0043-1303
2327-7467