Loading…
Pharmacokinetic Considerations of the Renal System in Birds: Part I. Anatomic and Physiologic Principles of Allometric Scaling
This review provides an overview of anatomic and physiologic features of the avian kidney that should be considered in designing regimens for renally excreted drugs in birds. Veterinarians frequently use drugs in birds that are formulated for use in mammals. Attempts have been made to extrapolate dr...
Saved in:
Published in: | Journal of avian medicine and surgery 1995-06, Vol.9 (2), p.92-103 |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | Get full text |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
Summary: | This review provides an overview of anatomic and physiologic features of the avian kidney that should be considered in designing regimens for renally excreted drugs in birds. Veterinarians frequently use drugs in birds that are formulated for use in mammals. Attempts have been made to extrapolate drug dosages for birds from those prescribed for mammals using allometric equations based on metabolic rates. Differences in anatomy and physiology of the two classes of animals make it difficult to achieve equivalent drug concentrations and durations of drug exposure, that is, pharmacokinetic equivalency, in birds and mammals using dosage normalization schemes such as the allometric equations currently in use. Furthermore, current schemes of allometric scaling separate birds into two large groups: passerines and nonpasserines. Because of the many structural and functional differences in the kidneys of birds within each of these two groups, it seems necessary to develop regimens for smaller, more uniform, groups of birds. Further studies may yield information that will allow birds to be grouped according to physiologic differences that represent adaptations to their environment. |
---|---|
ISSN: | 1082-6742 |