Exploring Visual Selective Attention towards Novel Stimuli in Alzheimer's Disease Patients

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with selective attention impairments, which could contribute to cognitive and functional deficits. Selective attention can be explored through examination of novelty preference. Aims: In this study, we quantified novelty preference in AD patien...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders extra 2015-12, Vol.5 (3), p.492-502
Main Authors: Chau, Sarah A., Herrmann, Nathan, Eizenman, Moshe, Chung, Jonathan, Lanctôt, Krista L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Attention dysfunction/cognition
Novelty preference
Original
Original Research Article
Selective attention
Visual attention
Visual scanning
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Summary:Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with selective attention impairments, which could contribute to cognitive and functional deficits. Selective attention can be explored through examination of novelty preference. Aims: In this study, we quantified novelty preference in AD patients by measuring visual scanning behaviour using an eye tracking paradigm. Methods: Mild-to-moderate AD patients and elderly controls viewed slides containing novel and repeated images simultaneously. The outcome measure was time spent on specific images, with novelty preference defined by greater relative fixation time (RFT) on novel versus repeated images. Cognitive status (Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination, SMMSE) and attention (Digit Span, DS) were also measured. Results: AD patients (age 79.2 ± 6.7 years, SMMSE 22.2 ± 4.0, n = 41) and controls (age 76.2 ± 6.4 years, SMMSE 28.1 ± 2.0, n = 24) were similar in age, education and sex. Compared with controls, AD patients had lower RFT on novel than on repeated images (F 1,63 = 11.18, p = 0.001). Further, reduced RFT was associated with lower scores on SMMSE (r 63 = 0.288, p = 0.020) and DS (r 63 = 0.269, p = 0.030). Within individuals, novelty preference was detected in 92.3% of patients and in 100% of controls. Conclusion: These findings suggest that novelty preference, measured by visual scanning behaviour, can differentiate cognitively healthy and impaired people and may offer a nonverbal, less cognitively demanding method of assessing selective attention.
ISSN:1664-5464
1664-5464
DOI:10.1159/000442383