Anatomy of an incident

• Published in: ACS Chemical Health & Safety. 2016-11, Vol.23 (6), p.40-48
• Main Authors: Cournoyer, Michael E., Trujillo, Stanley, Lawton, Cindy M., Land, Whitney M., Schreiber, Stephen B.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Apparent Cause; GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS; Human Error; Incident; Process Improvement; RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY; Radiological
• ISSN: 1871-5532; 1878-0504
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jchas.2016.02.006

A traditional view of incidents is that they are caused by shortcomings in human competence, attention, or attitude. It may be under the label of “loss of situational awareness,” procedure “violation,” or “poor” management. A different view is that human error is not the cause of failure, but a symptom of failure – trouble deeper inside the system. In this perspective, human error is not the conclusion, but rather the starting point of investigations. During an investigation, three types of information are gathered: physical, documentary, and human (recall/experience). Through the causal analysis process, apparent cause or apparent causes are identified as the most probable cause or causes of an incident or condition that management has the control to fix and for which effective recommendations for corrective actions can be generated. A causal analysis identifies relevant human performance factors. In the following presentation, the anatomy of a radiological incident is discussed, and one case study is presented. The contributing factors that caused a radiological incident are analyzed. Underlying conditions, decisions, actions, and inactions that contribute to the incident are identified. This includes weaknesses that may warrant improvements that tolerate error. Measures that reduce consequences or likelihood of recurrence are discussed.