Municipal wastewater sludge as a sustainable bioresource in the United States

Within the United States and Puerto Rico, publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) process 130.5 Gl/d (34.5 Bgal/d) of wastewater, producing sludge as a waste product. Emerging technologies offer novel waste-to-energy pathways through whole sludge conversion into biofuels. Assessing the feasibility, s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of environmental management 2017-07, Vol.197 (C), p.673-680
Main Authors: Seiple, Timothy E., Coleman, André M., Skaggs, Richard L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bioenergy
Biofuels
Biosolids
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Puerto Rico
Renewable energy
Sewage
United States
Waste Disposal, Fluid
Waste to energy
Waste Water
Wet waste
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Summary:Within the United States and Puerto Rico, publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) process 130.5 Gl/d (34.5 Bgal/d) of wastewater, producing sludge as a waste product. Emerging technologies offer novel waste-to-energy pathways through whole sludge conversion into biofuels. Assessing the feasibility, scalability and tradeoffs of various energy conversion pathways is difficult in the absence of highly spatially resolved estimates of sludge production. In this study, average wastewater solids concentrations and removal rates, and site specific daily average influent flow are used to estimate site specific annual sludge production on a dry weight basis for >15,000 POTWs. Current beneficial uses, regional production hotspots and feedstock aggregation potential are also assessed. Analyses indicate 1) POTWs capture 12.56 Tg/y (13.84 MT/y) of dry solids; 2) 50% are not beneficially utilized, and 3) POTWs can support seven regions that aggregate >910 Mg/d (1000 T/d) of sludge within a travel distance of 100 km. [Display omitted] •Large scale biofuels production from wastewater sludge is tenable in the U.S.•15,014 U.S. POTWs treat 130.5 Gl/d (34.5 Bgal/d) of wastewater.•12.56 Tg/y (13.84 MT/y) of dry solids are captured during wastewater treatment.•50% of the total bioresource is not currently beneficially utilized.•Large scale feedstock aggregation is feasible in seven regions within the U.S.
ISSN:0301-4797
1095-8630
DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.032