Improved framework model to allocate optimal rainwater harvesting sites in small watersheds for agro-forestry uses

• Published in: Journal of hydrology (Amsterdam) 2017-07, Vol.550 (C), p.318-330
• Main Authors: Terêncio, D.P.S., Sanches Fernandes, L.F., Cortes, R.M.V., Pacheco, F.A.L.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agro-forestry uses; Geographic Information System; Physical, socio-economic and ecological factors; Rainwater harvesting; Spatial multi criteria analysis; Suitability map
• ISSN: 0022-1694; 1879-2707
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.05.003

[Display omitted] •A new rainwater harvesting suitability model is introduced.•The model differs from other because it flexibilizes weights of suitability attributes.•The model brings novelty because it considers site and project specific attributes.•The model is tested with an irrigation project located in a contaminated watershed.•Nitrosamines in the food chain may be hindered by irrigation with harvested rainwater. This study introduces an improved rainwater harvesting (RWH) suitability model to help the implementation of agro-forestry projects (irrigation, wildfire combat) in catchments. The model combines a planning workflow to define suitability of catchments based on physical, socio-economic and ecologic variables, with an allocation workflow to constrain suitable RWH sites as function of project specific features (e.g., distance from rainfall collection to application area). The planning workflow comprises a Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) implemented on a Geographic Information System (GIS), whereas the allocation workflow is based on a multiple-parameter ranking analysis. When compared to other similar models, improvement comes with the flexible weights of MCA and the entire allocation workflow. The method is tested in a contaminated watershed (the Ave River basin) located in Portugal. The pilot project encompasses the irrigation of a 400ha crop land that consumes 2.69Mm3 of water per year. The application of harvested water in the irrigation replaces the use of stream water with excessive anthropogenic nutrients that may raise nitrosamines in the food and accumulation in the food chain, with severe consequences to human health (cancer). The selected rainfall collection catchment is capable to harvest 12Mm3·yr−1 (≈ 4.5×the requirement) and is roughly 3km far from the application area assuring crop irrigation by gravity flow with modest transport costs. The RWH system is an 8-meter high that can be built in earth with reduced costs.