Metrics as tools for bridging climate science and applications

• Published in: Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Climate change 2022-11, Vol.13 (6), p.e799-n/a
• Main Authors: Reed, Kevin A., Goldenson, Naomi, Grotjahn, Richard, Gutowski, William J., Jagannathan, Kripa, Jones, Andrew D., Leung, L. Ruby, McGinnis, Seth A., Pryor, Sara C., Srivastava, Abhishekh K., Ullrich, Paul A., Zarzycki, Colin M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Climate; Climate change; climate model; Climate models; Climate science; co‐production; Decision making; Distillation; Environmental impact; metrics; Modelling; Social interactions
• ISSN: 1757-7780; 1757-7799
• DOI: 10.1002/wcc.799

In climate science and applications, the term “metric” is used to describe the distillation of complex, multifaceted evaluations to summarize the overall quality of a model simulation, or other data product, and/or as a means to quantify some response to climate change. Metrics provide insights into the fidelity of processes and outcomes from climate models and can assist with both differentiating models' representation of variables or processes and informing whether models are “fit for purpose.” Metrics can also provide a valuable reference point for co‐production of knowledge between climate scientists and climate impact practitioners. Although continued metric developments enable model developers to better understand the impacts of decisions made in the model design process, metrics also have implications for the characterization of uncertainty and facilitating analyses of underlying physical processes. As a result, comprehensive evaluation with multiple metrics enhances usability of climate information by both scientific and stakeholder communities. This paper presents examples of insights gained from the development and appropriate use of metrics, and provides examples of how metrics can be used to engage with stakeholders and inform decision‐making. This article is categorized under: Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models The Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Climate Science and Decision Making Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change Metrics are essential tools within climate science. When climate scientists and climate impact practitioners co‐design metrics then climate science and decision‐making can both be advanced.