Cosmic-ray transport and gamma-ray emission in M31

Here we study the possibility that an extended cosmic-ray leptonic and/or hadronic halo is at the origin of the large-scale gamma-ray emission detected from the Andromeda galaxy (M31). We consider a broad ensemble of nonhomogeneous diffusion scenarios and of cosmic-ray injection sources. We find tha...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physical review. D 2021-12, Vol.104 (12), Article 123016
Main Authors: Do, Audrey, Duong, Matthew, McDaniel, Alex, O’Connor, Collin, Profumo, Stefano, Rafael, Justine, Sweeney, Connor, Vera, Washington
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS
cosmic ray propagation
cosmic ray sources
dark matter
gamma ray astronomy
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Summary:Here we study the possibility that an extended cosmic-ray leptonic and/or hadronic halo is at the origin of the large-scale gamma-ray emission detected from the Andromeda galaxy (M31). We consider a broad ensemble of nonhomogeneous diffusion scenarios and of cosmic-ray injection sources. We find that cosmic-ray electrons and protons could be, and very likely are, responsible for part, or all, of the gamma-ray emission from M31, including out to more than 100 kpc from the center of the galaxy. We also simulate possible emission from pulsars in M31 and consider the effect of regions of highly inefficient diffusion around cosmic-ray acceleration sites, as suggested by recent TeV halo observations with Cherenkov telescopes.
ISSN:2470-0010
2470-0029
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.104.123016