Nanoscale strain mapping in battery nanostructures

Coherent x-ray diffraction imaging is used to map the local three dimensional strain inhomogeneity and electron density distribution of two individual LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4−δ cathode nanoparticles in both ex-situ and in-situ environments. Our reconstructed images revealed a maximum strain of 0.4%. We obser...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied physics letters 2014-02, Vol.104 (7)
Main Authors: Ulvestad, A., Cho, H. M., Harder, R., Kim, J. W., Dietze, S. H., Fohtung, E., Meng, Y. S., Shpyrko, O. G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied physics
CATHODES
CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
Density distribution
ELECTRON DENSITY
Image reconstruction
Inhomogeneity
JAHN-TELLER EFFECT
Lithium
LITHIUM COMPOUNDS
MANGANATES
MANGANESE IONS
Nanoparticles
NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOSTRUCTURES
NIOBIUM COMPOUNDS
PARTICLES
STRAINS
SURFACES
THREE-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATIONS
X-RAY DIFFRACTION
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Summary:Coherent x-ray diffraction imaging is used to map the local three dimensional strain inhomogeneity and electron density distribution of two individual LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4−δ cathode nanoparticles in both ex-situ and in-situ environments. Our reconstructed images revealed a maximum strain of 0.4%. We observed different variations in strain inhomogeneity due to multiple competing effects. The compressive/tensile component of the strain is connected to the local lithium content and, on the surface, interpreted in terms of a local Jahn-Teller distortion of Mn3+. Finally, the measured strain distributions are discussed in terms of their impact on competing theoretical models of the lithiation process.
ISSN:0003-6951
1077-3118
DOI:10.1063/1.4866030