Metallic attenuated total reflection infrared hollow fibers for robust optical transmission systems

A durable metallic attenuated total reflection (ATR) hollow fiber (bore size: 1.45 mm, wall thickness: 50 μm) was designed and fabricated based on a nickel capillary tube and hexagonal germanium dioxide (GeO2). The anomalous dispersion of the hexagonal GeO2 layer grown inside a nickel tube achieves...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied physics letters 2014-07, Vol.105 (1)
Main Authors: Jing, Chengbin, Guo, Hong, Hu, Zhigao, Yang, Pingxiong, Chu, Junhao, Liu, Aiyun, Shi, Yiwei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ABSORPTION
Applied physics
Boring tools
CAPILLARIES
Capillary tubes
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide lasers
CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
COOLING
Core loss
ENERGY LOSSES
FIBERS
GERMANIUM
GERMANIUM OXIDES
GLASS
HEAT TRANSFER
IMPURITIES
Infrared reflection
LAYERS
LIGHT TRANSMISSION
Load distribution (forces)
NICKEL
Optical fibers
REFLECTION
SCATTERING
SILICA
Silica glass
Silicon dioxide
Stress concentration
THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY
THERMAL EFFLUENTS
THICKNESS
Transmission loss
Wall thickness
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Summary:A durable metallic attenuated total reflection (ATR) hollow fiber (bore size: 1.45 mm, wall thickness: 50 μm) was designed and fabricated based on a nickel capillary tube and hexagonal germanium dioxide (GeO2). The anomalous dispersion of the hexagonal GeO2 layer grown inside a nickel tube achieves low-loss light transmission at two peak-power wavelengths for CO2 laser devices (10.2 and 10.6 μm). An 11–28 W, 10.2 or 10.6 μm CO2 laser power was steadily delivered via a fiber elastically bent from 0° to 90° (radius: 45 cm) for over 40 min (transmission loss: 0.22 to 4.2 dB/m). Theoretically fitting the measured temperatures showed that front-end clipping caused greater thermal loading than the distributed mode absorption. The maximum external temperature of a nickel ATR fiber is much lower than that of a silica glass ATR fiber owing to their different heat dissipation abilities. The HE11 mode purity of the output beam profiles decreased from 90.3% to 44.7% as the bending angle increased from 0° to 90°. Large core sizes and wall roughnesses (scattering loss 0.04 dB/m) contributed to mode mixing and excess losses that were above the value predicted by the classical Marcatili and Schmeltzer equation (0.024–0.037 dB/m).
ISSN:0003-6951
1077-3118
DOI:10.1063/1.4887002