Towards bio-silicon interfaces: formation of an ultra-thin self-hydrated artificial membrane composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and chitosan deposited in high vacuum from the gas-phase

• Published in: The Journal of chemical physics 2014-09, Vol.141 (10), p.104201
• Main Authors: Retamal, María J, Cisternas, Marcelo A, Gutierrez-Maldonado, Sebastian E, Perez-Acle, Tomas, Seifert, Birger, Busch, Mark, Huber, Patrick, Volkmann, Ulrich G
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine - chemistry; AMINO ACIDS; Atomic force microscopy; Bilayers; Biosensors; Chitosan; Chitosan - chemistry; DEPOSITS; Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine; ELLIPSOMETRY; EVAPORATION; Gases - chemistry; High vacuum; INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Interlayers; LAYERS; Lipid Bilayers - chemistry; Medical electronics; MEMBRANES; Membranes, Artificial; Microscopy, Atomic Force; MOLECULES; NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; NANOSTRUCTURES; Nanotechnology devices; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; OXIDES; Phase Transition; Phase transitions; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; POLYSACCHARIDES; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON; Silicon - chemistry; Silicon substrates; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; SUBSTRATES; THICKNESS; Vacuum; Vapor phases; Water - chemistry; WATER RESERVOIRS
• ISSN: 0021-9606; 1089-7690
• DOI: 10.1063/1.4894224

The recent combination of nanoscale developments with biological molecules for biotechnological research has opened a wide field related to the area of biosensors. In the last years, device manufacturing for medical applications adapted the so-called bottom-up approach, from nanostructures to larger devices. Preparation and characterization of artificial biological membranes is a necessary step for the formation of nano-devices or sensors. In this paper, we describe the formation and characterization of a phospholipid bilayer (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, DPPC) on a mattress of a polysaccharide (Chitosan) that keeps the membrane hydrated. The deposition of Chitosan (~25 Å) and DPPC (~60 Å) was performed from the gas phase in high vacuum onto a substrate of Si(100) covered with its native oxide layer. The layer thickness was controlled in situ using Very High Resolution Ellipsometry (VHRE). Raman spectroscopy studies show that neither Chitosan nor DPPC molecules decompose during evaporation. With VHRE and Atomic Force Microscopy we have been able to detect phase transitions in the membrane. The presence of the Chitosan interlayer as a water reservoir is essential for both DPPC bilayer formation and stability, favoring the appearance of phase transitions. Our experiments show that the proposed sample preparation from the gas phase is reproducible and provides a natural environment for the DPPC bilayer. In future work, different Chitosan thicknesses should be studied to achieve a complete and homogeneous interlayer.