REVISED MASSES AND DENSITIES OF THE PLANETS AROUND KEPLER-10

Determining which small exoplanets have stony-iron compositions is necessary for quantifying the occurrence of such planets and for understanding the physics of planet formation. Kepler-10 hosts the stony-iron world Kepler-10b, and also contains what has been reported to be the largest solid silicat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Astrophysical journal 2016-03, Vol.819 (1), p.83
Main Authors: Weiss, Lauren M, Rogers, Leslie A, Isaacson, Howard T, Agol, Eric, Marcy, Geoffrey W, Rowe, Jason F, Kipping, David, Fulton, Benjamin J, Lissauer, Jack J, Howard, Andrew W, Fabrycky, Daniel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ASTROPHYSICS, COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY
COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION
Density
DETECTION
Extrasolar planets
HELIUM
HYDROGEN
IRON
MASS
Orbits
PHOTOMETRY
Planet formation
PLANETS
RADIAL VELOCITY
SATELLITES
SILICATES
STARS
Time measurements
Transit
WATER
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Summary:Determining which small exoplanets have stony-iron compositions is necessary for quantifying the occurrence of such planets and for understanding the physics of planet formation. Kepler-10 hosts the stony-iron world Kepler-10b, and also contains what has been reported to be the largest solid silicate-ice planet, Kepler-10c. Using 220 radial velocities (RVs), including 72 precise RVs from Keck-HIRES of which 20 are new from 2014 to 2015, and 17 quarters of Kepler photometry, we obtain the most complete picture of the Kepler-10 system to date. Our mass measurement of Kepler-10c rules out a pure stony-iron composition. Internal compositional modeling reveals that at least 10% of the radius of Kepler-10c is a volatile envelope composed of hydrogen-helium or super-ionic water. Transit timing variations (TTVs) of Kepler-10c indicate the likely presence of a third planet in the system, KOI-72.X. The TTVs and RVs are consistent with KOI-72.X having an orbital period of 24, 71, or 101 days, and a mass from 1 to 7 ${M}_{\oplus }$.
ISSN:0004-637X
1538-4357
DOI:10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/83