Trace Fe activates perovskite nickelate OER catalysts in alkaline media via redox-active surface Ni species formed during electrocatalysis

• Published in: Journal of catalysis 2024-04, Vol.432, p.115443, Article 115443
• Main Authors: Twight, Liam, Tonsberg, Ally, Samira, Samji, Velinkar, Kunal, Dumpert, Kora, Ou, Yingqing, Wang, Le, Nikolla, Eranda, Boettcher, Shannon W.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0021-9517; 1090-2694
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2024.115443

[Display omitted] •Multiple techniques reveal LaNiO3 surface reconstruction central to oxygen evolution reaction.•OER activity notably influenced by soluble Fe species in electrolyte, a common impurity.•Increasing OER activity is coupled to redox active Ni amount from peak integration.•La2NiO4 intrinsically more prone to redox active Ni formation than LaNiO3. The accurate description of activity trends among perovskite-oxide oxygen-evolution-reaction (OER) catalysts using electronic-structure descriptors requires that the bulk structure of the catalyst is comparable to that of the surface. Few studies have addressed the dynamic nature of the catalyst’s structure during the OER and the consequential implications for understanding activity. Here, we use a combination of electrochemical and materials-characterization techniques to study the surface reconstruction and the associated formation of a new redox-active phase on LaNiO3 particles, LaNiO3 epitaxial films, and an analogous Ruddlesden-Popper phase, La2NiO4. Small, but characteristic, redox features corresponding to Ni redox in nominally amorphous NiOxHy are observed during cyclic voltammetry of these initially fully crystalline materials. The size of these redox features grows with prolonged cycling and contributes to an increased surface area as determined from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). We find the OER activity is strongly dependent on soluble Fe species in the electrolyte, common impurities in alkaline media. These observations are consistent with the reconstruction of the crystalline surface to form NiOxHy species and subsequent activation by adsorption of Fe forming the well-known and extremely active NiFeOxHy OER catalyst.