State of the art in low-temperature and high-temperature electrolysis

Water electrolysis is gaining traction in large-scale applications, with production of multiple technologies scaling to hundreds and thousands of megawatts of new electrolyzer capacity annually. Low-temperature electrolysis has dominated the electrolyzer market for decades, but still only represents...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:MRS bulletin 2024-11, Vol.49 (12), p.1226-1234
Main Authors: Ayers, Katherine E., Marina, Olga A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied and Technical Physics
Capital costs
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry and Materials Science
Electrolysis
Energy costs
Energy Materials
High temperature
Low temperature
Materials Engineering
Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Operating costs
Production costs
Review Article
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Summary:Water electrolysis is gaining traction in large-scale applications, with production of multiple technologies scaling to hundreds and thousands of megawatts of new electrolyzer capacity annually. Low-temperature electrolysis has dominated the electrolyzer market for decades, but still only represents a small amount of the overall hydrogen market, due to the higher production costs versus hydrogen derived from fossil fuels. Advances are needed in capital cost and efficiency to close the cost gap, especially for energy applications. Similarly, while high-temperature electrolyzers can operate more efficiently, reducing the operating cost, they still need further scale-up and cost reduction to compete in these markets. Understanding the recent advances in each and the priority research directions is important to focus and accelerate innovation, and will be discussed in this article. The different advantages and disadvantages of each of these technologies will also be reviewed; there will likely be applications for each in the overall deployment of renewable hydrogen. Graphical abstract
ISSN:0883-7694
1938-1425
DOI:10.1557/s43577-024-00806-6