GRADE guidelines: 4. Rating the quality of evidence—study limitations (risk of bias)

In the GRADE approach, randomized trials start as high-quality evidence and observational studies as low-quality evidence, but both can be rated down if most of the relevant evidence comes from studies that suffer from a high risk of bias. Well-established limitations of randomized trials include fa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of clinical epidemiology 2011-04, Vol.64 (4), p.407-415
Main Authors:	Guyatt, Gordon H., Oxman, Andrew D., Vist, Gunn, Kunz, Regina, Brozek, Jan, Alonso-Coello, Pablo, Montori, Victor, Akl, Elie A., Djulbegovic, Ben, Falck-Ytter, Yngve, Norris, Susan L., Williams, John W., Atkins, David, Meerpohl, Joerg, Schünemann, Holger J.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Bias Biological and medical sciences blinding Cohort analysis concealment confidence in estimates Epidemiology Evidence-Based Practice Failure Female General aspects GRADE Humans Internal Medicine Male Medical sciences Observational studies Patients Planification. Prevention (methods). Intervention. Evaluation Practice Guidelines as Topic - standards Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Publication Bias Quality Assurance, Health Care - standards quality of evidence Quality of life Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Risk Assessment risk of bias Surgeons
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