Microfabricated modular scale-down device for regenerative medicine process development

• Published in: PloS one 2012-12, Vol.7 (12), p.e52246-e52246
• Main Authors: Reichen, Marcel, Macown, Rhys J, Jaccard, Nicolas, Super, Alexandre, Ruban, Ludmila, Griffin, Lewis D, Veraitch, Farlan S, Szita, Nicolas
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Autoclaving; Automation; Bioengineering; Biology; Bioreactors; Biotechnology; Cell culture; Cell growth; Colonies; Colony-forming cells; Culture media; Devices; Embryo fibroblasts; Embryonic Stem Cells; Embryos; Engineering; Extracellular matrix; Fibroblasts; Flow rates; Flow velocity; Humans; Image contrast; Image processing; Image resolution; Life sciences; Medicine; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; Microfluidics; Modular design; Modular equipment; Perfusion; Phase contrast; Physics; Pluripotency; Polystyrene; Polystyrene resins; Regenerative medicine; Regenerative Medicine - methods; Shear stress; Stem cells; Substrates; Tissue culture; Tissue engineering
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052246

The capacity of milli and micro litre bioreactors to accelerate process development has been successfully demonstrated in traditional biotechnology. However, for regenerative medicine present smaller scale culture methods cannot cope with the wide range of processing variables that need to be evaluated. Existing microfabricated culture devices, which could test different culture variables with a minimum amount of resources (e.g. expensive culture medium), are typically not designed with process development in mind. We present a novel, autoclavable, and microfabricated scale-down device designed for regenerative medicine process development. The microfabricated device contains a re-sealable culture chamber that facilitates use of standard culture protocols, creating a link with traditional small-scale culture devices for validation and scale-up studies. Further, the modular design can easily accommodate investigation of different culture substrate/extra-cellular matrix combinations. Inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEF) and human embryonic stem cell (hESC) colonies were successfully seeded on gelatine-coated tissue culture polystyrene (TC-PS) using standard static seeding protocols. The microfluidic chip included in the device offers precise and accurate control over the culture medium flow rate and resulting shear stresses in the device. Cells were cultured for two days with media perfused at 300 µl.h(-1) resulting in a modelled shear stress of 1.1×10(-4) Pa. Following perfusion, hESC colonies stained positively for different pluripotency markers and retained an undifferentiated morphology. An image processing algorithm was developed which permits quantification of co-cultured colony-forming cells from phase contrast microscope images. hESC colony sizes were quantified against the background of the feeder cells (iMEF) in less than 45 seconds for high-resolution images, which will permit real-time monitoring of culture progress in future experiments. The presented device is a first step to harness the advantages of microfluidics for regenerative medicine process development.