The changing epidemiology of human African trypanosomiasis among patients from nonendemic countries--1902-2012

Although human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is uncommon among patients from non-endemic countries (NEC), there has been an increase in the number of cases reported in recent years. A systematic review of the literature was performed. The number of incoming tourists to HAT endemic countries was obta...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2014-02, Vol.9 (2), p.e88647-e88647
Main Authors: Neuberger, Ami, Meltzer, Eyal, Leshem, Eyal, Dickstein, Yaakov, Stienlauf, Shmuel, Schwartz, Eli
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
African trypanosomiasis
Aged
Animals
Child
Child, Preschool
Comparative analysis
Disease
Disease hot spots
Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data
Endemic Diseases - statistics & numerical data
Epidemics
Epidemiology
Female
Females
Humans
Immigrants
Infant
Infections
Internal medicine
Literature reviews
Male
Medical diagnosis
Medicine
Middle Aged
Outbreaks
Parks
Patients
Protozoa
Refugees
Soldiers
Tourism
Tourists
Travel
Travelers
Travellers
Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosomiasis
Trypanosomiasis, African - epidemiology
Vector-borne diseases
Young Adult
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Summary:Although human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is uncommon among patients from non-endemic countries (NEC), there has been an increase in the number of cases reported in recent years. A systematic review of the literature was performed. The number of incoming tourists to HAT endemic countries was obtained from the United Nations World Tourism Organization. All HAT cases diagnosed in patients from NEC were included. Immigrants and refugees were excluded. We compared patients during and after the colonial period, and analyzed the relationship between the number of incoming travellers and the number of HAT cases. Between 1902 and 2012, HAT was reported in 244 patients. Most HAT cases were reported before 1920, and after the year 2000. In the colonial era the average age of patients was lower (32.5±7.8 vs. 43.0±16.1 years, P
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0088647