Visual Feedback Dominates the Sense of Agency for Brain-Machine Actions
Recent advances in neuroscience and engineering have led to the development of technologies that permit the control of external devices through real-time decoding of brain activity (brain-machine interfaces; BMI). Though the feeling of controlling bodily movements (sense of agency; SOA) has been wel...
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description | Recent advances in neuroscience and engineering have led to the development of technologies that permit the control of external devices through real-time decoding of brain activity (brain-machine interfaces; BMI). Though the feeling of controlling bodily movements (sense of agency; SOA) has been well studied and a number of well-defined sensorimotor and cognitive mechanisms have been put forth, very little is known about the SOA for BMI-actions. Using an on-line BMI, and verifying that our subjects achieved a reasonable level of control, we sought to describe the SOA for BMI-mediated actions. Our results demonstrate that discrepancies between decoded neural activity and its resultant real-time sensory feedback are associated with a decrease in the SOA, similar to SOA mechanisms proposed for bodily actions. However, if the feedback discrepancy serves to correct a poorly controlled BMI-action, then the SOA can be high and can increase with increasing discrepancy, demonstrating the dominance of visual feedback on the SOA. Taken together, our results suggest that bodily and BMI-actions rely on common mechanisms of sensorimotor integration for agency judgments, but that visual feedback dominates the SOA in the absence of overt bodily movements or proprioceptive feedback, however erroneous the visual feedback may be. |
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Though the feeling of controlling bodily movements (sense of agency; SOA) has been well studied and a number of well-defined sensorimotor and cognitive mechanisms have been put forth, very little is known about the SOA for BMI-actions. Using an on-line BMI, and verifying that our subjects achieved a reasonable level of control, we sought to describe the SOA for BMI-mediated actions. Our results demonstrate that discrepancies between decoded neural activity and its resultant real-time sensory feedback are associated with a decrease in the SOA, similar to SOA mechanisms proposed for bodily actions. However, if the feedback discrepancy serves to correct a poorly controlled BMI-action, then the SOA can be high and can increase with increasing discrepancy, demonstrating the dominance of visual feedback on the SOA. Taken together, our results suggest that bodily and BMI-actions rely on common mechanisms of sensorimotor integration for agency judgments, but that visual feedback dominates the SOA in the absence of overt bodily movements or proprioceptive feedback, however erroneous the visual feedback may be.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130019</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26066840</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Body mass ; Brain ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Cognitive ability ; Decoding ; Discriminant analysis ; Electrodes ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Feedback ; Female ; Humans ; Interfaces ; Judgments ; Laboratories ; Male ; Man-machine interfaces ; Motion Perception - physiology ; Movement - physiology ; Muscle contraction ; Nervous system ; Neurosciences ; Proprioception ; Real time ; Sensorimotor integration ; Sensory feedback ; Studies ; Visual perception</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-06, Vol.10 (6), p.e0130019-e0130019</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Evans et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Evans et al 2015 Evans et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-ad3a1e79783277ad1c2fd209b7d347f38b4eaf72ef89bbdcb266b585304377f73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-ad3a1e79783277ad1c2fd209b7d347f38b4eaf72ef89bbdcb266b585304377f73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1687821948/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1687821948?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26066840$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Lebedev, Mikhail A.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Evans, Nathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gale, Steven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schurger, Aaron</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blanke, Olaf</creatorcontrib><title>Visual Feedback Dominates the Sense of Agency for Brain-Machine Actions</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Recent advances in neuroscience and engineering have led to the development of technologies that permit the control of external devices through real-time decoding of brain activity (brain-machine interfaces; BMI). 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Taken together, our results suggest that bodily and BMI-actions rely on common mechanisms of sensorimotor integration for agency judgments, but that visual feedback dominates the SOA in the absence of overt bodily movements or proprioceptive feedback, however erroneous the visual feedback may be.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Brain-Computer Interfaces</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Decoding</subject><subject>Discriminant analysis</subject><subject>Electrodes</subject><subject>Electroencephalography</subject><subject>Electromyography</subject><subject>Feedback</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Interfaces</subject><subject>Judgments</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Man-machine interfaces</subject><subject>Motion Perception - physiology</subject><subject>Movement - physiology</subject><subject>Muscle contraction</subject><subject>Nervous system</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Proprioception</subject><subject>Real time</subject><subject>Sensorimotor integration</subject><subject>Sensory feedback</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Visual perception</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkl1v0zAUhiMEYmPwDxBEQkJw0eKv2M7NpDLYqDQ0icFuLcc5bl1Su8QJYv8et82mBu0C-cLW8XPec3z8ZtlLjKaYCvxhFfrW62a6CR6mCFOEcPkoO8YlJRNOEH18cD7KnsW4QqigkvOn2RHhiHPJ0HF2ceNir5v8HKCutPmZfwpr53UHMe-WkF-Dj5AHm88W4M1tbkObf2y185Ov2iydh3xmOhd8fJ49sbqJ8GLYT7If55-_n32ZXF5dzM9mlxMjCtlNdE01BlEKSYkQusaG2JqgshI1ZcJSWTHQVhCwsqyq2lSE86qQBUWMCmEFPcle73U3TYhqmEFUmEshCS6ZTMR8T9RBr9SmdWvd3qqgndoFQrtQuu2caUBVnBJccVsUFWKFRlKmekxiZgivSiBJ63So1ldrqA34rtXNSHR8491SLcJvxRjnBUNJ4N0g0IZfPcROrV000DTaQ-h3fZcUlQxt-37zD_rw6wZqodMDnLch1TVbUTVjWPCCC1IkavoAlVYNa2eSYaxL8VHC-1FCYjr40y10H6OaX3_7f_bqZsy-PWCXoJtuGUPT7zwzBtkeNG2IsQV7P2SM1Nbvd9NQW7-rwe8p7dXhB90n3Rmc_gW04_g6</recordid><startdate>20150612</startdate><enddate>20150612</enddate><creator>Evans, Nathan</creator><creator>Gale, Steven</creator><creator>Schurger, Aaron</creator><creator>Blanke, Olaf</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150612</creationdate><title>Visual Feedback Dominates the Sense of Agency for Brain-Machine Actions</title><author>Evans, Nathan ; Gale, Steven ; Schurger, Aaron ; Blanke, Olaf</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-ad3a1e79783277ad1c2fd209b7d347f38b4eaf72ef89bbdcb266b585304377f73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Body mass</topic><topic>Brain</topic><topic>Brain-Computer Interfaces</topic><topic>Cognitive ability</topic><topic>Decoding</topic><topic>Discriminant analysis</topic><topic>Electrodes</topic><topic>Electroencephalography</topic><topic>Electromyography</topic><topic>Feedback</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Interfaces</topic><topic>Judgments</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Man-machine interfaces</topic><topic>Motion Perception - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Open Access: DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Evans, Nathan</au><au>Gale, Steven</au><au>Schurger, Aaron</au><au>Blanke, Olaf</au><au>Lebedev, Mikhail A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Visual Feedback Dominates the Sense of Agency for Brain-Machine Actions</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-06-12</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e0130019</spage><epage>e0130019</epage><pages>e0130019-e0130019</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Recent advances in neuroscience and engineering have led to the development of technologies that permit the control of external devices through real-time decoding of brain activity (brain-machine interfaces; BMI). Though the feeling of controlling bodily movements (sense of agency; SOA) has been well studied and a number of well-defined sensorimotor and cognitive mechanisms have been put forth, very little is known about the SOA for BMI-actions. Using an on-line BMI, and verifying that our subjects achieved a reasonable level of control, we sought to describe the SOA for BMI-mediated actions. Our results demonstrate that discrepancies between decoded neural activity and its resultant real-time sensory feedback are associated with a decrease in the SOA, similar to SOA mechanisms proposed for bodily actions. However, if the feedback discrepancy serves to correct a poorly controlled BMI-action, then the SOA can be high and can increase with increasing discrepancy, demonstrating the dominance of visual feedback on the SOA. Taken together, our results suggest that bodily and BMI-actions rely on common mechanisms of sensorimotor integration for agency judgments, but that visual feedback dominates the SOA in the absence of overt bodily movements or proprioceptive feedback, however erroneous the visual feedback may be.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26066840</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0130019</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adult Body mass Brain Brain-Computer Interfaces Cognitive ability Decoding Discriminant analysis Electrodes Electroencephalography Electromyography Feedback Female Humans Interfaces Judgments Laboratories Male Man-machine interfaces Motion Perception - physiology Movement - physiology Muscle contraction Nervous system Neurosciences Proprioception Real time Sensorimotor integration Sensory feedback Studies Visual perception |
title | Visual Feedback Dominates the Sense of Agency for Brain-Machine Actions |
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