Counting White Blood Cells from a Blood Smear Using Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy

White blood cell (WBC) count is a valuable metric for assisting with diagnosis or prognosis of various diseases such as coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, or infection. Counting WBCs can be done either manually or automatically. Automatic methods are capable of counting a large number of cells...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2015-07, Vol.10 (7), p.e0133489-e0133489
Main Authors: Chung, Jaebum, Ou, Xiaoze, Kulkarni, Rajan P, Yang, Changhuei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Blood
Blood cells
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular diseases
Coronary artery disease
Counting
Counting methods
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Electrical engineering
Flow cytometry
Heart
Heart attacks
Heart diseases
Hematology
Humans
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
Infections
Leukocyte Count - methods
Leukocytes
Leukocytes - cytology
Medical prognosis
Microscopy
Microscopy - methods
Mortality
Pediatrics
Prognosis
Smear
Studies
Type 2 diabetes
White blood cell count
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Summary:White blood cell (WBC) count is a valuable metric for assisting with diagnosis or prognosis of various diseases such as coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, or infection. Counting WBCs can be done either manually or automatically. Automatic methods are capable of counting a large number of cells to give a statistically more accurate reading of the WBC count of a sample, but the specialized equipment tends to be expensive. Manual methods are inexpensive since they only involve a conventional light microscope setup. However, it is more laborious and error-prone because the small field-of-view (FOV) of the microscope necessitates mechanical scanning of a specimen for counting an adequate number of WBCs. Here, we investigate the use of Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) to bypass these issues of the manual methods. With a 2x objective, FPM can provide a FOV of 120 mm2 with enhanced resolution comparable to that of a 20x objective, which is adequate for non-differentially counting WBCs in just one FOV. A specialist was able to count the WBCs in FPM images with 100% accuracy compared to the count as determined from conventional microscope images. An automatic counting algorithm was also developed to identify WBCs from FPM's captured images with 95% accuracy, paving the way for a cost-effective WBC counting setup with the advantages of both the automatic and manual counting methods.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0133489