Viral Transmission Dynamics at Single-Cell Resolution Reveal Transiently Immune Subpopulations Caused by a Carrier State Association

Monitoring the complex transmission dynamics of a bacterial virus (temperate phage P22) throughout a population of its host (Salmonella Typhimurium) at single cell resolution revealed the unexpected existence of a transiently immune subpopulation of host cells that emerged from peculiarities precedi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PLoS genetics 2015-12, Vol.11 (12), p.e1005770-e1005770
Main Authors: Cenens, William, Makumi, Angela, Govers, Sander K, Lavigne, Rob, Aertsen, Abram
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteriology
Bacteriophage P22 - genetics
Bacteriophage P22 - immunology
Bacteriophage P22 - pathogenicity
Binding sites
Biology
Chromosomes
Chromosomes - metabolism
Cytoplasm - genetics
Cytoplasm - immunology
Disease transmission
Epigenetic inheritance
Genetic aspects
Health aspects
Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
Host-virus relationships
Infections
Membrane Proteins - genetics
Membrane Proteins - immunology
Membrane Proteins - metabolism
Mutation
Observations
Open source software
Plasmids
Population
Salmonella typhimurium
Salmonella typhimurium - genetics
Salmonella typhimurium - immunology
Salmonella typhimurium - virology
Single-Cell Analysis
Viral Proteins - genetics
Viral Proteins - immunology
Viral Proteins - metabolism
Viruses
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Summary:Monitoring the complex transmission dynamics of a bacterial virus (temperate phage P22) throughout a population of its host (Salmonella Typhimurium) at single cell resolution revealed the unexpected existence of a transiently immune subpopulation of host cells that emerged from peculiarities preceding the process of lysogenization. More specifically, an infection event ultimately leading to a lysogen first yielded a phage carrier cell harboring a polarly tethered P22 episome. Upon subsequent division, the daughter cell inheriting this episome became lysogenized by an integration event yielding a prophage, while the other daughter cell became P22-free. However, since the phage carrier cell was shown to overproduce immunity factors that are cytoplasmically inherited by the P22-free daughter cell and further passed down to its siblings, a transiently resistant subpopulation was generated that upon dilution of these immunity factors again became susceptible to P22 infection. The iterative emergence and infection of transiently resistant subpopulations suggests a new bet-hedging strategy by which viruses could manage to sustain both vertical and horizontal transmission routes throughout an infected population without compromising a stable co-existence with their host.
ISSN:1553-7404
1553-7390
1553-7404
DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005770