Systematic review and meta-analysis shows a specific micronutrient profile in people with Down Syndrome: Lower blood calcium, selenium and zinc, higher red blood cell copper and zinc, and higher salivary calcium and sodium

Different metabolic profiles as well as comorbidities are common in people with Down Syndrome (DS). Therefore it is relevant to know whether micronutrient levels in people with DS are also different. This systematic review was designed to review the literature on micronutrient levels in people with...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2017-04, Vol.12 (4), p.e0175437-e0175437
Main Authors: Saghazadeh, Amene, Mahmoudi, Maryam, Dehghani Ashkezari, Atefeh, Oliaie Rezaie, Nooshin, Rezaei, Nima
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Biology and Life Sciences
Blood
Blood cells
Blood levels
Calcium
Calcium - blood
Case-Control Studies
Cations, Divalent
Cations, Monovalent
Child
Children & youth
Confidence intervals
Congenital diseases
Copper
Copper - blood
Data processing
Down syndrome
Down Syndrome - blood
Down's syndrome
Education
Erythrocytes
Exercise
Female
Health care
Humans
Immunology
Literature reviews
Magnesium
Male
Medical electronics
Medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Meta-analysis
Metabolism
Micronutrients - blood
Minerals
Nutrition
Physical Sciences
Quality of life
Research and Analysis Methods
Reviews
Saliva - chemistry
Selenium
Selenium - blood
Sodium
Sodium - metabolism
Studies
Thyroid gland
Trace elements
Viral infections
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamins
Zinc
Zinc - blood
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Summary:Different metabolic profiles as well as comorbidities are common in people with Down Syndrome (DS). Therefore it is relevant to know whether micronutrient levels in people with DS are also different. This systematic review was designed to review the literature on micronutrient levels in people with DS compared to age and sex-matched controls without DS. We identified sixty nine studies from January 1967 to April 2016 through main electronic medical databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of knowledge. We carried out meta-analysis of the data on four essential trace elements (Cu, Fe, Se, and Zn), six minerals (Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Na, and P), and five vitamins (vitamin A, B9, B12, D, and E). People with DS showed lower blood levels of Ca (standard mean difference (SMD) = -0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.16 to -0.09), Se (SMD = -0.99; 95% CI: -1.55 to -0.43), and Zn (SMD = -1.30; 95% CI: -1.75 to -0.84), while red cell levels of Zn (SMD = 1.88; 95% CI: 0.48 to 3.28) and Cu (SMD = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.96 to 3.57) were higher. They had also higher salivary levels of Ca (SMD = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.38 to 1.33) and Na (SMD = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.39 to 1.69). Our findings that micronutrient levels are different in people with DS raise the question whether these differences are related to the different metabolic profiles, the common comorbidities or merely reflect DS.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0175437