Metabolite profile changes and increased antioxidative and antiinflammatory activities of mixed vegetables after fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum

• Published in: PloS one 2019-05, Vol.14 (5), p.e0217180
• Main Authors: Kim, Jungyeon, Choi, Kum-Boo, Park, Ju Hun, Kim, Kyoung Heon
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amino acids; Anti-inflammatory agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Anti-inflammatory diet; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Biology and Life Sciences; Cancer; Cell growth; Chemical synthesis; Chromatography; Depolymerization; Fermentation; Food; Food Microbiology; Fruits; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Gas chromatography; Glycerol; Health; Health aspects; Indole; Indoles; Kale; Lactic acid; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lactobacillus plantarum - physiology; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Metabolites; Metabolome - drug effects; Metabolomics; Molecular weight; Physical Sciences; Polymer industry; Polymers; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Research and Analysis Methods; Retirement benefits; Spectroscopy; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Vegetable juices; Vegetables; Vegetables - microbiology
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217180

Fermented vegetables have emerged as prebiotics with various health benefits. However, the possible mechanisms behind their health benefits are unclear. To relate the metabolite profile changes in fermented mixed vegetables with associated health benefits of fermented vegetables, we analyzed the metabolite profiles of mixed vegetables, before and after fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum, using gas chromatography/time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS). To analyze health benefits of fermented vegetables, antioxidative and antiinflammatory activities were measured using RAW 264.7 cells. Among 78 metabolites identified by GC/TOF-MS in this study, those significantly increased after fermentation include antioxidative and/or antiinflammatory agents such as lactate, 3-phennyllactate, indole-3-lactate, β-hydroxybutyrate, γ-aminobutyrate, and glycerol. These metabolites may have been either newly synthesized or depolymerized from high molecular weight polymers from vegetables during fermentation. This is the first metabolomics study to relate metabolite profile changes with increased health benefits of fermented vegetables.