MitoToxy assay: A novel cell-based method for the assessment of metabolic toxicity in a multiwell plate format using a lactate FRET nanosensor, Laconic

• Published in: PloS one 2019-10, Vol.14 (10), p.e0224527-e0224527
• Main Authors: Contreras-Baeza, Yasna, Ceballo, Sebastián, Arce-Molina, Robinson, Sandoval, Pamela Y, Alegría, Karin, Barros, Luis Felipe, San Martín, Alejandro
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analysis; Bioavailability; Biological Assay; Biology and Life Sciences; Camptothecin; Cell Line; Clinical trials; Descriptive labeling; Drug development; Drugs; Fluorescence; Fluorescence resonance energy transfer; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer - methods; Genetic code; Glycolysis; High-throughput screening; High-throughput screening (Biochemical assaying); High-Throughput Screening Assays - methods; Humans; Lactic acid; Lactic Acid - metabolism; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metabolism; Methods; Mitochondria; Mitochondria - drug effects; Nanosensors; Pharmaceutical industry; Physical Sciences; Physiology; Research and Analysis Methods; Rosiglitazone; Screening; Sensitivity and Specificity; Studies; Technology; Terfenadine; Thiazolidinediones; Toxicants; Toxicity; Toxicity Tests - methods; Troglitazone
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224527

Mitochondrial toxicity is a primary source of pre-clinical drug attrition, black box warning and post-market drug withdrawal. Methods that detect mitochondrial toxicity as early as possible during the drug development process are required. Here we introduce a new method for detecting mitochondrial toxicity based on MDA-MB-231 cells stably expressing the genetically encoded FRET lactate indicator, Laconic. The method takes advantage of the high cytosolic lactate accumulation observed during mitochondrial stress, regardless of the specific toxicity mechanism, explained by compensatory glycolytic activation. Using a standard multi-well plate reader, dose-response curve experiments allowed the sensitivity of the methodology to detect metabolic toxicity induced by classical mitochondrial toxicants. Suitability for high-throughput screening applications was evaluated resulting in a Z'-factor > 0.5 and CV% < 20 inter-assay variability. A pilot screening allowed sensitive detection of commercial drugs that were previously withdrawn from the market due to liver/cardiac toxicity issues, such as camptothecin, ciglitazone, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and terfenadine, in ten minutes. We envisage that the availability of this technology, based on a fluorescent genetically encoded indicator, will allow direct assessment of mitochondrial metabolism, and will make the early detection of mitochondrial toxicity in the drug development process possible, saving time and resources.