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Dpp and Hedgehog promote the glial response to neuronal apoptosis in the developing Drosophila visual system
Damage in the nervous system induces a stereotypical response that is mediated by glial cells. Here, we use the eye disc of Drosophila melanogaster as a model to explore the mechanisms involved in promoting glial cell response after neuronal cell death induction. We demonstrate that these cells rapi...
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| Published in: | PLoS biology 2021-08, Vol.19 (8), p.e3001367-e3001367 |
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| creator | Velarde, Sergio B Quevedo, Alvaro Estella, Carlos Baonza, Antonio |
| description | Damage in the nervous system induces a stereotypical response that is mediated by glial cells. Here, we use the eye disc of Drosophila melanogaster as a model to explore the mechanisms involved in promoting glial cell response after neuronal cell death induction. We demonstrate that these cells rapidly respond to neuronal apoptosis by increasing in number and undergoing morphological changes, which will ultimately grant them phagocytic abilities. We found that this glial response is controlled by the activity of Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathways. These pathways are activated after cell death induction, and their functions are necessary to induce glial cell proliferation and migration to the eye discs. The latter of these 2 processes depend on the function of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, which is activated by Dpp signalling. We also present evidence that a similar mechanism controls glial response upon apoptosis induction in the leg discs, suggesting that our results uncover a mechanism that might be involved in controlling glial cells response to neuronal cell death in different regions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001367 |
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Here, we use the eye disc of Drosophila melanogaster as a model to explore the mechanisms involved in promoting glial cell response after neuronal cell death induction. We demonstrate that these cells rapidly respond to neuronal apoptosis by increasing in number and undergoing morphological changes, which will ultimately grant them phagocytic abilities. We found that this glial response is controlled by the activity of Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathways. These pathways are activated after cell death induction, and their functions are necessary to induce glial cell proliferation and migration to the eye discs. The latter of these 2 processes depend on the function of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, which is activated by Dpp signalling. We also present evidence that a similar mechanism controls glial response upon apoptosis induction in the leg discs, suggesting that our results uncover a mechanism that might be involved in controlling glial cells response to neuronal cell death in different regions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).</description><identifier>ISSN: 1545-7885</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1544-9173</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1545-7885</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001367</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34379617</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>San Francisco: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animal development ; Apoptosis ; Biology and Life Sciences ; c-Jun protein ; Cell cycle ; Cell death ; Cell migration ; Cell proliferation ; Drosophila ; Eye ; Fruit flies ; Glial cells ; Hedgehog protein ; Hedgehog proteins ; Insects ; JNK protein ; Kinases ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Morphology ; Mortality ; Nervous system ; Neuroglia ; Neuronal-glial interactions ; Peripheral nervous system ; Phagocytes ; Photoreceptors ; Physiological aspects ; Signal transduction ; Signaling ; Social Sciences ; Transcription factors ; Visual pathways ; Visual system ; Zoological research</subject><ispartof>PLoS biology, 2021-08, Vol.19 (8), p.e3001367-e3001367</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2021 Velarde et al. 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Here, we use the eye disc of Drosophila melanogaster as a model to explore the mechanisms involved in promoting glial cell response after neuronal cell death induction. We demonstrate that these cells rapidly respond to neuronal apoptosis by increasing in number and undergoing morphological changes, which will ultimately grant them phagocytic abilities. We found that this glial response is controlled by the activity of Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathways. These pathways are activated after cell death induction, and their functions are necessary to induce glial cell proliferation and migration to the eye discs. The latter of these 2 processes depend on the function of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, which is activated by Dpp signalling. We also present evidence that a similar mechanism controls glial response upon apoptosis induction in the leg discs, suggesting that our results uncover a mechanism that might be involved in controlling glial cells response to neuronal cell death in different regions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).</description><subject>Animal development</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>c-Jun protein</subject><subject>Cell cycle</subject><subject>Cell death</subject><subject>Cell migration</subject><subject>Cell proliferation</subject><subject>Drosophila</subject><subject>Eye</subject><subject>Fruit flies</subject><subject>Glial cells</subject><subject>Hedgehog protein</subject><subject>Hedgehog proteins</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>JNK protein</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nervous 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| subjects | Animal development Apoptosis Biology and Life Sciences c-Jun protein Cell cycle Cell death Cell migration Cell proliferation Drosophila Eye Fruit flies Glial cells Hedgehog protein Hedgehog proteins Insects JNK protein Kinases Medicine and Health Sciences Morphology Mortality Nervous system Neuroglia Neuronal-glial interactions Peripheral nervous system Phagocytes Photoreceptors Physiological aspects Signal transduction Signaling Social Sciences Transcription factors Visual pathways Visual system Zoological research |
| title | Dpp and Hedgehog promote the glial response to neuronal apoptosis in the developing Drosophila visual system |
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