Implementation of infection prevention and control practices in an upcoming COVID-19 hospital in India: An opportunity not missed

• Published in: PloS one 2022-05, Vol.17 (5), p.e0268071-e0268071
• Main Authors: Das, Arghya, Garg, Rahul, Kumar, E Sampath, Singh, Dharanidhar, Ojha, Bisweswar, Kharchandy, H Larikyrpang, Pathak, Bhairav Kumar, Srikrishnan, Pushkar, Singh, Ravindra, Joshua, Immanuel, Nandekar, Sanket, J, Vinothini, Reghu, Reenu, Pedapanga, Nikitha, Banerjee, Tuhina, Yadav, Kamal Kumar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antimicrobial agents; Check lists; Cleaning; Closed circuit television; Control; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Developing countries; Disease control; Disease transmission; Disinfection; Epidemics; Ethics; Evaluation; Health care; Health facilities; Hospitals; Hygiene; India; Infections; Inspection; LDCs; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mental disorders; Norms; Nursing; Pandemics; Patients; People and Places; Prevention; Protective equipment; Psychosis; Public health administration; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Surveillance; Task forces; Television; Tertiary; Training; Viral diseases; Visual observation
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268071

Infection prevention and control (IPC) program is obligatory for delivering quality services in any healthcare setup. Lack of administrative support and resource-constraints (under-staffing, inadequate funds) were primary barriers to successful implementation of IPC practices in majority of the hospitals in the developing countries. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought a unique opportunity to improve the IPC program in these hospitals. A PDSA (Plan-Do-Study- Act) model was adopted for this study in a tertiary care hospital which was converted into a dedicated COVID-19 treatment facility in Varanasi, India. The initial focus was to identify the deficiencies in existing IPC practices and perceive the opportunities for improvement. Repeated IPC training (induction and reinforce) was conducted for the healthcare personnel (HCP) and practices were monitored by direct observation and closed-circuit television. Cleaning audits were performed by visual inspection, review of the checklists and qualitative assessment of the viewpoints of the HCP was carried out by the feedbacks received at the end of the training sessions. A total of 2552 HCP and 548 medical students were trained in IPC through multiple offline/onsite sessions over a period of 15 months during the ongoing pandemic. Although the overall compliance to surface disinfection and cleaning increased from 50% to >80% with repeated training, compliance decreased whenever newly recruited HCP were posted. Fear psychosis in the pandemic was the greatest facilitator for adopting the IPC practices. Continuous wearing of personal protective equipment for long duration, dissatisfaction with the duty rosters as well as continuous posting in high-risk areas were the major obstacles to the implementation of IPC norms. Recognising the role of an infection control team, repeated training, monitoring and improvisation of the existing resources are keys for successful implementation of IPC practices in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.