Synthesis and Surface Active Properties of a Novel Linear Dodecyl Diphenyl Ether Sulfonate Gemini Surfactant

• Published in: Journal of surfactants and detergents 2012-11, Vol.15 (6), p.703-707
• Main Authors: Hujun, Xu, Qicheng, Liu, Dandan, Chen, Xiaoya, Liu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acidification; Aquatic Pollution; Chemical compounds; Chemical synthesis; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Conductivity; Gemini surfactant; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering; Liquid chromatography; Neutralization; Original Article; Physical Chemistry; Polymer Sciences; Sulfonates; Surface tension; Surfaces and Interfaces; Surfactants; Synthesis; Thermodynamic data; Thermodynamics; Thin Films; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control
• ISSN: 1097-3958; 1558-9293
• DOI: 10.1007/s11743-012-1349-9

The linear dodecyl diphenyl ether sulfonate gemini surfactant (C 12 -DLADS) has been synthesized by a new route from lauric acid according to a five-step reaction sequence consisting of acidification, Friedel–Crafts acylation, Clemmensen reduction, sulfonation and a neutralization reaction. The surfactant and intermediates were characterized by 1 H-NMR, HPLC/MS and elemental analysis. The properties have been studied by surface tension ( γ CMC ) and conductivity measurements. The thermodynamic parameters of micellization were calculated. The test results show that C 12 -DLADS has lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) and better capability for lowering the γ CMC . The γ CMC and CMC are 36.04 mN/m and 6.03 × 10 −4  mol/L respectively at 45 °C. Moreover, with the increase in temperature, the conductivity of C 12 -DLADS increased, while the counterion binding K 0 decreased. The thermodynamic data show that the micellization process for the surfactant C 12 -DLADS is entropy driven.