Characterisation of Physical and Biochemical Traits of Hulless Spring Barley Grain in the Latvian Breeding Programme

• Published in: Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B, Natural Sciences Natural Sciences, 2013-11, Vol.67 (4), p.399-404
• Main Authors: Bleidere, Māra, Zute, Sanita, Jākobsone, Ida
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Barley; Cardiovascular diseases; Coefficient of variation; Field tests; Genotypes; Grain; hulless barley; Micronutrients; Phenols; physical and chemical traits; Plant breeding; scavenging activity; Starch; total phenolic content; α-tocopherol
• ISSN: 1407-009X; 2255-890X
• DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2013-0065

Incorporation of whole grain, such as hulless barley, as a part of a balanced diet can help reduce the risk of coronary heart diseases, diabetes and specific cancers, and provide other health benefits as well. The objectives of this study were to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of grains of hulless barley genotypes from the Latvian spring barley programme. Field experiments were carried out in 2010-2011 at the State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute. Grain samples of 29 hulless spring barley breeding lines were analysed for grain physical traits (1000 kernel weight, test weight), macronutrients (crude protein, starch, β -glucans), and micronutrients (total phenolic content, DPPH antiradical scavenging activity and α-tocopherol content). The variation of physical traits and macronutrients was mainly determined by genotype (ω = 32-62%) and year (η = 8-42%) and to a lesser extent by interaction of factors. The difference between hulless genotypes, as indicated the coefficient of variation, was rather high for all micronutrients (V% = 13.4-25.6). Significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation was detected between radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content (r = 0.519) and starch content (r = 0.530). The best hulless breeding lines ‘1185’ and ‘IC 360’ (variety ‘Kornelija’ submitted for DUS and VCU tests) were selected for future usage in clinical investigations. Pilngraudu izejvielu, kā piemēram, kailgraudu miežu izmantošana veselīgas diētas sabalansēšanai var veicināt profilaksi sirds un asinsvadu saslimšanu, diabēta un specifisku vēža formu ierobežošanai. Pētījuma mērķis bija novērtēt kailgraudu paraugus no Latvijas miežu selekcijas materiāla pēc graudu fizikālajām un bioķīmiskajām pazīmēm. Lauka izmēģinājumi iekārtoti Valsts Stendes Graudaugu selekcijas institūtā no 2010. gada līdz 201 1. gadam. Pētījumā iekļautajām 29 vasaras miežu kailgraudu līnijām analizēta 1000 graudu masa, tilpummasa, kopproteīna, cietes, β-glikānu, kopējais fenolu saturs, α-tokoferolu saturs un antiradikālā aktivitāte. Graudu fizikālo un bioķīmisko pazīmju mainību galvenokārt ietekmēja genotips (ω = 32-62%) un gads (ω = 8-42%), bet mazākā mērā - šo faktoru mijiedarbība. Kailgraudu miežu materiālam konstatēta augsta genotipiskās mainība pēc kopējā fenolu satura, antiradikālās aktivitātes un a-tokoferolu satura graudos (V% = 13.4-25.6). Būtiska (P < 0.05) pozitīva korelācija noteikta starp antiradikālo aktivitāti un kopējā fenolu (r = 0.519) un cietes saturu g