Hairy Nightshade Critical Interference Period in Potatoes

• Published in: Weed technology 2014-09, Vol.28 (3), p.543-551
• Main Author: Hutchinson, Pamela J. S
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural production; Berries; canopy; Competition; Critical periods; crop yield; Ecological competition; greenhouses; Growing season; Growing seasons; Herbicides; planting; Plants; Potatoes; Seeds; Solanum physalifolium var. nitidibaccatum; Solanum tuberosum; Time of removal; Tubers; Vegetables; WEED BIOLOGY AND COMPETITION; Weed control; weed-free period; Weeds
• ISSN: 0890-037X; 1550-2740
• DOI: 10.1614/WT-D-13-00160.1

Field research trials were conducted in Idaho at the Aberdeen Research and Extension Center in 2006 and 2007 to determine the critical interference period of hairy nightshade in potatoes. ‘Russet Norkotah' variety was planted both years in plots three rows wide by 12 m long. When the potatoes had emerged, one- to two-leaf hairy nightshade plants that had been germinated and grown in the greenhouse were transplanted at a 2 m−1 row density and allowed to grow for 10, 20, 30, or 40 d after emergence (DAE) before removal, or the potatoes were maintained weed-free for 0, 10, 20, 30, or 40 DAE before transplanting. Potatoes were harvested from the center row at the end of each growing season and yield and grade was determined. Russet Norkotah is a small-canopied potato variety and often does not completely close canopy in Idaho. Russet Norkotah U.S. No. 1 and total tuber yield were similar to weed-free yield when hairy nightshade transplanting was delayed up to 22 or 24 DAE, respectively, or planted at emergence and allowed to remain for only 6 or 11 d, respectively. Otherwise, yield decrease was 5% or greater. Therefore, the critical weed-free period for Russet Norkotah potato U.S. No. 1 or total tuber yields was 6 to 22 or 11 to 24 DAE, respectively. Nomenclature: Hairy nightshade; Solanum physalifolium Rusby SOLSA; potato; Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Russet Norkotah'. Se realizaron estudios de campo en Idaho en el Centro de Investigación y Extensión de Aberdeen en 2006 y 2007, para determinar el período crítico de interferencia de Solanum physalifolium en papa. La variedad ‘Russet Norkotah' fue plantada en ambos años en lotes de tres hileras de ancho y 12 m de largo. Cuando las papas habían emergido, plantas de S. physalifolium de una a dos hojas, que habían sido germinadas y crecidas en invernaderos, fueron trasplantadas a una densidad de 2 m−1 y fueron crecidas por 10, 20, 30, ó 40 días después de la emergencia (DAE) antes de ser removidas, o las papas fueron mantenidas libres de malezas por 0, 10, 20, 30, ó 40 DAE antes del trasplante. Se cosecharon papas de la hilera central al final de cada temporada de producción y se determinó el rendimiento y la calidad. La variedad Russet Norkotah es de dosel pequeño y a menudo este dosel no cierra completamente en Idaho. Los rendimientos U.S. No. 1 y total de esta variedad fueron similares al testigo libre de malezas cuando el trasplante de S. physalifolium se atrasó hasta 22 ó 24 DAE, respectivamente, o cuando se traspla