Geochemical assessment of mineral scaling in Kızıldere geothermal field, Turkey

The mineral scaling problems in the Kızıldere geothermal field along with hydrogeological and geochemical properties of this field were studied. In this content, chemical analyses for 26 water samples from 12 water points and an additional seven geochemical analyses and six XRD analyses of the scale...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental earth sciences 2016-10, Vol.75 (19), p.1, Article 1317
Main Authors: Tarcan, Gültekin, Özen, Tuğbanur, Gemici, Ünsal, Çolak, Mümtaz, Karamanderesi, İsmail Hakkı
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biogeosciences
Calcite
Dolomite
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth Sciences
Environmental Science and Engineering
Geochemistry
Geology
Geothermal power
Hydrogeology
Hydrology/Water Resources
Injection
Injection wells
Minerals
Original Article
Reservoirs
Risk assessment
Silica
Terrestrial Pollution
Water analysis
Water sampling
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Summary:The mineral scaling problems in the Kızıldere geothermal field along with hydrogeological and geochemical properties of this field were studied. In this content, chemical analyses for 26 water samples from 12 water points and an additional seven geochemical analyses and six XRD analyses of the scale samples were performed. Measured reservoir temperatures of wells vary from 196 (in the well KD-13) to 242 °C (in the well R-1). Geothermal reservoir waters show the water types of Na–HCO 3 and Na–HCO 3 –SO 4 . Estimated mineral saturations suggest that calcite, aragonite, strontianite, dolomite, amorphous silica, and barite are likely to precipitate as scales. These are confirmed by the results of the geochemical and XRD data of the scale samples. Reservoir chemistry calculations show a fluid richer in steam and acid gases with lower concentrations in the nonvolatile constituents (i.e., Cl, SiO 2 , Na, etc.) at the reservoir. Geochemical modeling shows that CaCO 3 (calcite and aragonite) and strontianite precipitations are inevitable for production and re-injection wells and surface equipment. Amorphous silica scaling is the important risk of re-injection wells. Precipitations of the minerals barite, anhydrite, dolomite, and celestite are also possible. Determinations of the scaling minerals and the safety temperatures to avoid or minimize the scaling problem are the most important parts of this study. It was concluded that cold injection (
ISSN:1866-6280
1866-6299
DOI:10.1007/s12665-016-6112-5