Do Investors Use Prior Tax Avoidance when Pricing Tax Loss Carryforwards?

• Published in: The Journal of the American Taxation Association 2016-09, Vol.38 (2), p.27-49
• Main Authors: McGuire, Sean T., Neuman, Stevanie S., Olson, Adam J., Omer, Thomas C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Carryforward; Internal Revenue Code; Studies; Tax avoidance; Taxable income; Valuation
• ISSN: 0198-9073; 1558-8017
• DOI: 10.2308/atax-51483

The Internal Revenue Code allows firms to carry excess tax losses forward to offset future taxable income and reduce taxes. Consistent with tax loss carryforwards (TLCFs) creating a significant asset, prior research finds that investors positively value TLCFs. However, investors face significant uncertainty about whether firms will have sufficient future taxable income to benefit from TLCFs. We hypothesize that investors' valuation of new TLCFs will vary with firms' prior tax avoidance behavior because it signals firms' abilities to generate taxable income to offset TLCFs through tax planning. We confirm that investors assign a positive value to new TLCFs and find that investors' valuation varies with firms' prior tax avoidance behavior. Investors positively value TLCFs when firms exhibit high variability in prior tax avoidance and high levels of prior tax avoidance. Our results are incremental to the effect of changes in the valuation allowance on investors' valuation of new TLCFs. JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M49. Data Availability: Data used in this study are available from public sources identified in the paper.