Development of a Metallic Photonic Bandgap-Inspired Probe for Detection of Weak Basic Dissociation Constant Drug in Bio-Fluid

• Published in: IEEE sensors journal 2017-09, Vol.17 (17), p.5410-5418
• Main Authors: Yadav, Rahul, Patel, Piyush N., Kumari, Ratnesh, Lad, Virang N.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agglomeration; Biological properties; Colorimetry; Computational fluid dynamics; drug detection; Drugs; Electromagnetic bandgap; Fourier analysis; Fourier transforms; Gold; Microwave spectroscopy; Microwave theory and techniques; Nanoparticles; Periodic structures; Photon correlation spectroscopy; Photonics; Probes; Resonant frequencies; Sensors; Signal detection; unmodified gold nanoparticles; Urine
• ISSN: 1530-437X; 1558-1748
• DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2017.2725739

The detection of a drug having a weak basic dissociation constant (pKa) in bio-fluids requires a complex organic framework, time-consuming assay, and costly characterization techniques. To overcome this, a novel metallic photonic bandgap-inspired probe that as a sensor device is proposed for the microwave spectroscopy of gold nanoparticles. Minoxidil drug with dissociation constant 4.61 was detected using gold nanoparticles as a colorimetric probe and the sensor device as a microwave signal detection probe. In this method, the aggregation of gold nanoparticles is induced with the drug and then shift in the probe resonant frequency through in situ analysis was calibrated. The induced aggregation between gold nanoparticles and the drug was confirmed by dynamic light scattering and Fourier transform infrared measurements. This method was tested and validated in human urine samples, which provided an acceptable linear relationship between the resonant frequencies over 100-500 and 0.1-10~\mu \text{M} concentration of the drug. The present analytical technique can be effectively used for detecting drugs having low pKa value in the real biological samples.