Potential of Biochar‐Amended Soil to Enhance Crop Productivity under Deficit Irrigation

With the world population hitting 8 billion and the global climate becoming more erratic with pronounced droughts, floods, water shortages and storage depletions, the need for optimal soil and water conditions for high crop productivity and food security has become ever more urgent. There is a growi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Irrigation and drainage 2017-10, Vol.66 (4), p.600-614
Main Authors: Kangoma, Emmanuel, Blango, Mohamed M., Rashid‐Noah, Augustine B., Sherman‐Kamara, Joseph, Moiwo, Juana P., Kamara, Alie
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural production
biochar
charbon agricole (biochar)
Charcoal
Copyright
Crop production
Crop yield
Crops
Culture
Cultures
deficit irrigation
deforestation, crop productivity
Drought
déforestation
Economic conditions
Flood irrigation
Floods
Food
Food production
Food security
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouses
Harvesting
Irrigation
irrigation déficitaire
Oryza
Productivity
productivité des cultures
Rain water
rainwater harvesting
récupération des eaux pluviales
Security
Soil
Soil amendment
Soil conditions
Soil layers
Soil water storage
Storage
Water harvesting
Water shortages
Water storage
World population
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Summary:With the world population hitting 8 billion and the global climate becoming more erratic with pronounced droughts, floods, water shortages and storage depletions, the need for optimal soil and water conditions for high crop productivity and food security has become ever more urgent. There is a growing effort towards enhancing water storage in the root‐zone soil layer (as a rainwater‐harvesting strategy) to increase crop productivity. This study analysed the effects of biochar and deficit irrigation on rice productivity under greenhouse conditions. Grain yield, plant height, tiller number and biomass yield under 0% biochar (B1) were respectively 13.6, 6.4, 27.4 and 3.0% higher for moderate deficit irrigation (I2) than for flood irrigation (I1). Also in terms of tiller number, I2 performed better than I1 by 45.8 and 69.2% under B2 (4% biochar) and B4 (16% biochar), respectively. While for biochar the highest crop productivity was under B2, this changed vastly under the combined effects of irrigation and biochar. This suggested that crop productivity was as much dependent on irrigation as on biochar treatment. The variations in productivity could provide farmers with the choice of treatments or treatment combinations that are best suitable for their local agro‐edaphic, hydroclimatic and socio‐economic conditions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Résumé Avec une population mondiale de 8 milliards de personnes et un climat global plus irrégulier, avec des sécheresses, des inondations, des pénuries d'eau et l'appauvrissement des réserves en eau, le besoin de meilleures conditions de sol et d'eau pour une productivité et une sécurité alimentaire accrues devient de plus en plus urgent. Il y a un effort croissant pour améliorer le stockage de l'eau dans la zone racinaire (comme stratégie de récolte de l'eau de pluie) pour augmenter la productivité des cultures. Cette étude a analysé les effets du charbon agricole (biochar) et de l'irrigation déficitaire sur la productivité du riz sous serre. Le rendement en grains, la hauteur de la plante, le nombre de pieds levés et le rendement en biomasse sous 0% de biochar (B1) ont été respectivement de 13.6, 6.4, 27.4 et 3.0% plus élevés pour l'irrigation à déficit modéré (I2) que pour l'irrigation par inondation (I1). En outre, en termes de nombre de pieds levés, I2 a obtenu de meilleurs résultats que I1 de 45.8 et 69.2% sous B2 (4% de biochar) et B4 (16% de biochar), respectivement. Alors que pour le biochar la produ
ISSN:1531-0353
1531-0361
DOI:10.1002/ird.2138