Prospective of Microbial Exopolysaccharide for Heavy Metal Exclusion

Metals as a resource are depleting, and on another side, it fetches serious environmental pollution causing a threat to human health and ecosystem. The heavy metal accumulation due to anthropogenic activities results in toxicological manifestation. The traditional methods of remediation are not cost...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 2017-10, Vol.183 (2), p.582-600
Main Authors: Mohite, Bhavana V., Koli, Sunil H., Narkhede, Chandrakant P., Patil, Sucheta N., Patil, Satish V.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Addition polymerization
Anthropogenic factors
Biochemistry
Biological effects
Biopolymers
Biosynthesis
Biotechnology
Carbohydrates
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Ecosystems
Electrostatic properties
Environmental Pollutants - chemistry
Fungal Polysaccharides - chemistry
Heavy metals
Macromolecules
Metals, Heavy - chemistry
Microbial corrosion
Microorganisms
Nutrition
Phospholipids
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides, Bacterial - chemistry
Proteins
Saccharides
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Summary:Metals as a resource are depleting, and on another side, it fetches serious environmental pollution causing a threat to human health and ecosystem. The heavy metal accumulation due to anthropogenic activities results in toxicological manifestation. The traditional methods of remediation are not cost effective, efficient, and ecofriendly which necessitate and motivate towards the safe, effective, and ecofriendly biological methods. The increasing presence of heavy metals in the microbial habitat compels the microbes to develop the ability to tolerate or resist the presence of heavy metals. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production is one of the strategies of microbes to fight against metal stress. EPS is a microbial biopolymer which is generally produced under stress from harsh environment and nutrition conditions. EPSs are cell-associated or secreted outside the cell and comprised organic macromolecules such as polysaccharides, proteins, and phospholipids in addition to some non-polymeric molecules. EPSs work as competent biosorbents with an anionic reactant group that effectively sequesters cationic heavy metals by electrostatic interactions. The present paper summarizes the EPSs with its types, role, and biosynthesis and an endeavor to elucidate the interaction mechanism of EPSs with heavy metal with supportive and distinctive applications for heavy metal exclusion. The review concluded with the current challenges and future prospects to make the EPS an efficient biosorbent.
ISSN:0273-2289
1559-0291
DOI:10.1007/s12010-017-2591-4