The influence of matrix crystallinity, filler grain size and modification on properties of PLA/calcium carbonate composites

• Published in: Polymer testing 2017-09, Vol.62, p.203-209
• Main Authors: Piekarska, Klaudia, Piorkowska, Ewa, Bojda, Joanna
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amorphous materials; Calcium carbonate; Cold crystallization; Composites; Crystal structure; Crystallinity; Crystallization; Drawability; Elongation; Fillers; Grain size; Mechanical properties; Modulus of elasticity; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Particulate composites; Polylactide; Stearic acid; Tensile strength; Thermal properties; Thermal stability; Thermodynamic properties; Toughness
• ISSN: 0142-9418; 1873-2348
• DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.06.025

Thermal and mechanical properties of polylactide (PLA) composites with different grades of calcium carbonate, 40 nm and 90 nm nanoparticles, and also with submicron particles, unmodified and modified with calcium stearate or stearic acid, obtained by melt mixing, were compared. Films with amorphous and crystalline matrices were prepared and examined. Tg of PLA in the composites remained unaffected whereas its cold crystallization was enhanced by the fillers and predominantly depended on filler content. Filling decreased thermal stability of the materials but their 5% weight loss temperatures well exceeded 250 °C, evidencing stability in the temperature range of PLA processing. The amorphous nanocomposites with modified nanoparticles exhibited improved drawability and toughness without a significant decrease of tensile strength; nearly two-fold increase of the elongation at break and tensile toughness was achieved at 5 wt% content of the modified nanofiller. Lack of surface modification of the filler, larger grain size with an average of 0.9 μm, and matrix crystallinity had a detrimental effect on the drawability. However, the presence of nanofillers and crystallinity improved tensile modulus of the materials by up to 15% compared to neat amorphous PLA.