Measuring thermal performance in steady-state conditions at each stage of a full fabric retrofit to a solid wall dwelling

• Published in: Energy and buildings 2017-12, Vol.156, p.404-414
• Main Authors: Farmer, David, Gorse, Chris, Swan, William, Fitton, Richard, Brooke-Peat, Matthew, Miles-Shenton, Dominic, Johnston, David
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Airtightness; Anthropogenic factors; Aquaculture; Building performance evaluation; Cages; Chromium; Copper; Cultivation; Fish; Full-scale test facility; Heat loss coefficient; Heat transfer coefficient; Heavy metals; Human influences; Insulation; Lead; Manganese; Marine aquaculture; Metal concentrations; Nickel; Particulate matter; Performance gap; Principal components analysis; Rainy season; Retrofit; Salford Energy House; Seasonal variations; Solid-wall; Steady-state; Studies; Thermal bypass; Thermal insulation; Thermal performance; Thermal transmittance; Toxicity; U-value; Wind-washing; Zinc
• ISSN: 0378-7788; 1872-6178
• DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.09.086

•First known measurement of HTC in steady-state conditions.•Fabric retrofit thermal performance measured in steady-state conditions.•Established thermal performance test methods adapted for steady-state measurement.•Recommendations provided for assessing Energy House retrofit thermal performance.•Strengths & weakness of the Energy House test facility for testing retrofit explored. The methodology used for measuring the thermal performance of fabric retrofit systems which were applied to a solid wall UK Victorian house situated within an environmental chamber is explored in detail. The work describes how steady-state boundary conditions were approximated, then repeated at the Salford Energy House test facility. How established methods of measuring the fabric thermal performance of buildings in situ were adapted to test the effectiveness of retrofit measures within a steady-state environment. The results presented show that steady-state boundary conditions enable the change in fabric heat loss resulting from the retrofit of a whole house or individual element to be measured to a level of accuracy and precision that is unlikely to be achieved in the field. The test environment enabled identification of heat loss phenomena difficult to detect in the field. However, undertaking tests in an environment devoid of wind underestimates the potential reduction in ventilation heat loss resulting from an improvement in airtightness, and hides the susceptibility of retrofit measures to various heat loss mechanisms, such as wind washing. The strengths and weaknesses of the methods employed, the Energy House test facility, and a steady-state environment, for characterising retrofit building fabric thermal performance are demonstrated.