Family expenditures supporting children across income and urbanicity strata

Recent decades have seen growth in the level, geographic distribution, and repercussions of income inequality, with unequal access to enriching resources hypothesized to support the intergenerational transmission of inequality. Yet little evidence delineates economic or contextual variation in resou...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Children and youth services review 2016-11, Vol.70, p.129-142
Main Authors: Coley, Rebekah Levine, Sims, Jacqueline, Votruba-Drzal, Elizabeth
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Basic needs
Child resources
Child support
Children
Expenditures
Families & family life
Geographic distribution
Income
Income distribution
Income inequality
Intergenerational relationships
Intergenerational transmission
Low income groups
Poverty
Rural areas
Rural communities
Urban areas
Urbanicity
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Summary:Recent decades have seen growth in the level, geographic distribution, and repercussions of income inequality, with unequal access to enriching resources hypothesized to support the intergenerational transmission of inequality. Yet little evidence delineates economic or contextual variation in resources directed at children. Using data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey on 31,842 families, this study assessed how family expenditures vary across income and urbanicity strata. Results found that high income families spent proportionally more of their total budget on child resources and proportionately less on basic needs compared to lower income families. These patterns buttress arguments that access to enriching resources may be an important mechanism through which economic advantage is passed on to the next generation. Results further found that income disparities in expenditures were heightened in large urban areas and tempered in rural areas. Together results highlight both income and urbanicity disparities in families' expenditures on child-promotive resources. •High income families spend proportionally more than low income families on child resources.•High income families spend proportionally less than low income families on basic needs.•Income disparities in spending are larger in urban than rural areas.•Higher cost of living may constrain expenditure choices in urban areas.
ISSN:0190-7409
1873-7765
DOI:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.017