Muhammed b. Yûsuf es-Senûsî’nin Kelâm Anlayışında Mârifetullah-Akıl İlişkisi

• Published in: Cumhuriyet ilahiyat dergisi 2017-12, Vol.21 (2), p.1355-1382
• Main Author: Çelik, Ahmet
• Format: Article
• Language: Turkish
• Subjects: al-Sanusi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf; Edebiyat; Felsefe & Psikoloji & Sosyoloji; Islam; Islam studies; Judgment; Muslims; Social Sciences; Theologians; Theology; Theology and Religion
• ISSN: 2528-9861; 2528-987X
• DOI: 10.18505/cuid.342362

Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf al-Sanūsī (d. 895/1490), who was one of the theologian of later Muslim Asʿharī theologians, is one of the scholar came to the fore in Maghrib. Although al-Sanūsī shapes his thoughts within the Asʿharī’s kalam system, he presents new contributions to this system with his own unique perspective. In particular, his effort to give importance to reason in maʿrifat Allāh is remarkable. According to him, maʿrifat Allāh can only be reached with reflection (nazar). Also the reflection is waʿẓ or contexture process done in the reason. When a method is followed, such an reflection leads to the maʿrifatullāh. In particular, the ruling wisdom adds a form to the functioning of the reason through its perceived and compassionate perceptions. For a believer to know the necessary, the permissible and the impossible is to use the reason. In this context al-Sanūsī imposes a central role in the concept of judgment (hukm). If the human can operates its reason in this way, necessarily will comprehend that he/she is created. In the process of acquiring the knowledge, al-Sanūsī draws attention to the heart as much as the reason and that shows that he is in the effort of combining these two.Summary: Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf al-Sanūsī is a scholar raised at the Maghreb geography. Although al-Sanūsī, living in the 9th/15th century, gave a lot of work in different fields, his theologian identity became front-line. By standing against the innovation that he had seen during his era, he wrote many beliefs works. Among these works, the relation of maʿrifat Allāh-reason attracts attention.al-Sanūsī thinks that the most important means of delivering to maʿrifat Allāh is deduciton (istidlal). According to him, the deduction is “to reveal the known (waʿẓ) to reach the desired thing or to arrange two or more works”. If we evaluate this definition in terms of Asʿharī tradition, we will see that al-Sanūsī is in the effort to emending the definition of his al-Qāḍī al-Bayḍāwī’s definition who is his contemporary. al-Bayḍāwī described deduction as ‘to organize things that are not known to be known’. al-Sanūsī made a contribution to this recognition. He has adopted the arrange part completely and also add the waʿẓ expression into that. The reason why al-Sanūsī goes to such a separation is the reason for trying to explain the functioning of the reason in a logical form. In the logical sense, the thought consists of envision (tasawwur) and confirmation (tasdiq). From these concepts that c